Śaṃkāra: List of Sanskrit Nouns
Sanskrit References
Śaṃkāra is a word in the Sanskrit language where it represents a Noun. This page shows references to Sanskrit literature where this Noun occurs, by collecting all possible forms this word ca be displayed: Such as Gender-specific declension and Sandhi modifications.
References
Total 1672 pages in 49 books
Verse 1.3.12 < [Chapter III]
Verse 1.14.14 < [Chapter XIV]
Verse 1.15.1 < [Chapter XV]
Verse 1.15.2 < [Chapter XV]
Verse 1.15.3 < [Chapter XV]
Verse 1.15.4 < [Chapter XV]
Verse 1.15.5 < [Chapter XV]
Verse 1.15.6 < [Chapter XV]
Verse 1.15.7 < [Chapter XV]
Verse 1.15.9 < [Chapter XV]
Verse 1.15.10 < [Chapter XV]
Verse 1.15.11 < [Chapter XV]
Verse 1.15.12 < [Chapter XV]
Verse 1.15.13 < [Chapter XV]
Verse 1.15.14 < [Chapter XV]
Verse 1.15.15 < [Chapter XV]
Verse 1.15.16 < [Chapter XV]
Verse 1.15.17 < [Chapter XV]
Verse 1.15.20 < [Chapter XV]
Verse 1.18.16 < [Chapter XVIII]
Verse 1.18.18 < [Chapter XVIII]
Verse 1.18.55 < [Chapter XVIII]
Verse 1.23.33 < [Chapter XXIII]
Verse 1.26.12 < [Chapter XXVI]
Verse 1.26.32 < [Chapter XXVI]
Panchatantra [sanskrit] (by Dr. Naveen Kumar Jha)
Verse 1.444 < [Book 1 - Mitra-bheda]
Kathasaritsagara [sanskrit] (by C. H. Tawney)
Verse 1.5.134 < [Chapter 5]
Verse 1.5.136 < [Chapter 5]
Verse 1.5.137 < [Chapter 5]
Verse 5.1.177 < [Chapter 1]
Verse 5.1.182 < [Chapter 1]
Verse 5.2.139 < [Chapter 2]
Verse 7.1.23 < [Chapter 1]
Verse 7.1.28 < [Chapter 1]
Verse 7.1.51 < [Chapter 1]
Verse 7.1.94 < [Chapter 1]
Verse 7.1.107 < [Chapter 1]
Verse 7.1.109 < [Chapter 1]
Verse 7.1.115 < [Chapter 1]
Verse 7.1.124 < [Chapter 1]
Verse 7.1.125 < [Chapter 1]
Verse 7.6.108 < [Chapter 6]
Verse 7.8.55 < [Chapter 8]
Verse 7.8.69 < [Chapter 8]
Verse 7.8.74 < [Chapter 8]
Verse 7.8.91 < [Chapter 8]
Verse 7.8.113 < [Chapter 8]
Verse 9.1.15 < [Chapter 1]
Verse 9.1.20 < [Chapter 1]
Verse 9.1.22 < [Chapter 1]
Verse 9.1.24 < [Chapter 1]
Lotus Sutra (Saddharma-Pundarika) [sanskrit] (by H. Kern)
Ashtavakra Gita [sanskrit] (by John Richards)
Verse 17.19 < [Chapter 17]
Verse 15.13 < [Chapter 15]
Verse 18.95 < [Chapter 18]
Verse 15.6 < [Chapter 15]
Verse 18.73 < [Chapter 18]
Verse 18.29 < [Chapter 18]
Udanavarga [sanskrit] (by W. Woodville Rockhill)
Mahavastu [sanskrit verses and english] (by Émile Senart)
Verse 10.25 < [Chapter 10]
Verse 17.36 < [Chapter 17]
Verse 25.9 < [Chapter 25]
Verse 25.10 < [Chapter 25]
Verse 25.11 < [Chapter 25]
Verse 25.12 < [Chapter 25]
Verse 25.13 < [Chapter 25]
Verse 25.14 < [Chapter 25]
Verse 25.15 < [Chapter 25]
Verse 29.21 < [Chapter 29]
Verse 49.19 < [Chapter 49]
Verse 64.361 < [Chapter 64]
Verse 64.558 < [Chapter 64]
Verse 67.4 < [Chapter 67]
Verse 67.57 < [Chapter 67]
Verse 67.143 < [Chapter 67]
Verse 78.4 < [Chapter 78]
Verse 112.69 < [Chapter 112]
Katyayana-smriti [sanskrit] (by Manmatha Nath Dutt)
Naishadha-charita [sanskrit] (by K.K. Handiqui)
Verse 3.15 < [Chapter 3]
Verse 16.131 < [Chapter 16]
Verse 17.222 < [Chapter 17]
Verse 19.22 < [Chapter 19]
Verse 8.109 < [Chapter 8]
Verse 9.160 < [Chapter 9]
Verse 13.56 < [Chapter 13]
Verse 15.98 < [Chapter 15]
Verse 20.162 < [Chapter 20]
Verse 12.111 < [Chapter 12]
Verse 12.113 < [Chapter 12]
Verse 15.12 < [Chapter 15]
Verse 17.115 < [Chapter 17]
Verse 3.136 < [Chapter 3]
Verse 19.68 < [Chapter 19]
Verse 22.151 < [Chapter 22]
Verse 10.68 < [Chapter 10]
Verse 10.138 < [Chapter 10]
Verse 11.130 < [Chapter 11]
Verse 18.154 < [Chapter 18]
Verse 21.164 < [Chapter 21]
Verse 2.110 < [Chapter 2]
Verse 4.117 < [Chapter 4]
Verse 5.138 < [Chapter 5]
Verse 7.110 < [Chapter 7]
Verse 1.17.21 < [Chapter 17]
Verse 1.17.80 < [Chapter 17]
Verse 1.18.4 < [Chapter 18]
Verse 2.1.6.56 < [Chapter 6]
Verse 2.1.7.41 < [Chapter 7]
Verse 2.1.9.43 < [Chapter 9]
Verse 2.3.15.10 < [Chapter 15]
Verse 2.3.37.43 < [Chapter 37]
Verse 2.3.37.45 < [Chapter 37]
Verse 2.3.40.41 < [Chapter 40]
Verse 2.3.41.18 < [Chapter 41]
Verse 2.3.43.3 < [Chapter 43]
Verse 2.3.43.8 < [Chapter 43]
Verse 2.4.14.39 < [Chapter 14]
Verse 2.5.8.14 < [Chapter 8]
Verse 2.5.9.38 < [Chapter 9]
Verse 2.5.55.9 < [Chapter 55]
Verse 2.5.55.10 < [Chapter 55]
Verse 7.11.44 < [Chapter 11]
Verse 8.15.11 < [Chapter 15]
Verse 8.17.23 < [Chapter 17]
Verse 8.17.40 < [Chapter 17]
Verse 8.35.83 < [Chapter 35]
Verse 8.35.112 < [Chapter 35]
Verse 8.39.17 < [Chapter 39]
Ashtanga-hridaya-samhita [sanskrit]
Section 45 < [Chapter 1: āyuṣkāmīya-adhyāya]
Section 47 < [Chapter 6: vikṛtivijñānīyo'adhyāyaḥ]
Samarangana-sutradhara [sanskrit]
Verse 71.9 < [Chapter 71: citroddeśa]
Verse 73.11 < [Chapter 73: lepyakarmādika]
Verse 75.37 < [Chapter 75: mānotpatti]
Verse 1.2.92 < [Chapter 2]
Verse 1.4.9 < [Chapter 4]
Verse 1.4.135 < [Chapter 4]
Verse 1.14.106 < [Chapter 14]
Verse 1.15.192 < [Chapter 15]
Verse 1.19.9 < [Chapter 19]
Verse 1.19.216 < [Chapter 19]
Verse 1.20.32 < [Chapter 20]
Verse 1.21.227 < [Chapter 21]
Verse 1.27.15 < [Chapter 27]
Verse 1.29.4 < [Chapter 29]
Verse 1.29.52 < [Chapter 29]
Verse 1.34.337 < [Chapter 34]
Verse 1.34.339 < [Chapter 34]
Verse 1.36.87 < [Chapter 36]
Verse 1.38.57 < [Chapter 38]
Verse 1.39.40 < [Chapter 39]
Verse 1.40.140139 < [Chapter 40]
Verse 1.40.140142 < [Chapter 40]
Verse 1.43.228 < [Chapter 43]
Verse 1.43.334 < [Chapter 43]
Verse 1.46.59 < [Chapter 46]
Verse 1.46.174 < [Chapter 46]
Verse 1.48.175 < [Chapter 48]
Verse 1.48.176 < [Chapter 48]
Lakshminarayana Samhita [sanskrit] (by Shwetayan Vyas)
Verse 1.4.8 < [Chapter 4]
Verse 1.8.28 < [Chapter 8]
Verse 1.9.25 < [Chapter 9]
Verse 1.11.10 < [Chapter 11]
Verse 1.13.6 < [Chapter 13]
Verse 1.28.17 < [Chapter 28]
Verse 1.42.21 < [Chapter 42]
Verse 1.44.14 < [Chapter 44]
Verse 1.46.40 < [Chapter 46]
Verse 1.85.33 < [Chapter 85]
Verse 1.106.38 < [Chapter 106]
Verse 1.120.28 < [Chapter 120]
Verse 1.120.31 < [Chapter 120]
Verse 1.120.55 < [Chapter 120]
Verse 1.122.60 < [Chapter 122]
Verse 1.122.76 < [Chapter 122]
Verse 1.123.85 < [Chapter 123]
Verse 1.126.39 < [Chapter 126]
Verse 1.139.41 < [Chapter 139]
Verse 1.140.79 < [Chapter 140]
Verse 1.151.29 < [Chapter 151]
Verse 1.151.40 < [Chapter 151]
Verse 1.155.37 < [Chapter 155]
Verse 1.156.136 < [Chapter 156]
Verse 1.156.160 < [Chapter 156]
Apastamba Grihya-sutra [sanskrit]
Bhagavad-gita with four Commentaries [sanskrit]
Chapter 18 - Dharmaruci-avadāna
Chapter 21 - Sahasodgata-avadāna
Chapter 22 - Candraprabhabodhisattvacarya-avadāna
Chapter 26 - Pāṃśupradāna-avadāna
Chapter 30 - Sudhanakumāra-avadāna
Chapter 33 - Śārdūlakarṇa-avadāna
Chapter 35 - Cūḍāpakṣa-avadānam
Chapter 36 - Mākandika-avadāna
Mahavastu [sanskrit verse and prose]
Verse 4.31 < [Chapter 4 - Pretika-avadāna]
Verse 5.66 < [Chapter 5 - Śālapuṣpa-avadāna]
Verse 9.48 < [Chapter 9 - Śukla-avadāna]
Verse 11.77 < [Chapter 11 - Hastaka-avadāna]
Verse 12.317 < [Chapter 12 - Sārthavāha-avadāna]
Verse 16.178 < [Chapter 16 - Pretika-avadāna]
Verse 20.75 < [Chapter 20 - Mahiṣa-avadāna]
Verse 20.187 < [Chapter 20 - Mahiṣa-avadāna]
Verse 23.123 < [Chapter 23 - Pretikāyāḥ kathā]
Verse 24.69 < [Chapter 24 - Pretībhūtamaharddhika-avadāna]
Verse 25.130 < [Chapter 25 - Dūta-avadāna]
Verse 27.56 < [Chapter 27 - Mālikā-avadāna]
Verse 31.70 < [Chapter 31 - Pretībhūta-avadāna]
Verse 33.180 < [Chapter 33 - Kṣema-avadāna]
Verse 33.181 < [Chapter 33 - Kṣema-avadāna]
Verse 35.73 < [Chapter 35 - śobhita-avadāna]
Verse 36.136 < [Chapter 36 - Mukta-avadāna]
Verse 37.31 < [Chapter 37 - Dhīmatī-avadāna]
Verse 37.89 < [Chapter 37 - Dhīmatī-avadāna]
Verse 37.420 < [Chapter 37 - Dhīmatī-avadāna]
Verse 38.219 < [Chapter 38 - Vasundhara-avadāna]
Verse 38.233 < [Chapter 38 - Vasundhara-avadāna]
Verse 38.627 < [Chapter 38 - Vasundhara-avadāna]
Chapter 37 - Samantasattvatrāṇojaḥśrī
Chapter 38 - Praśāntarutasāgaravatī
Chapter 39 - Sarvanagararakṣāsaṃbhavatejaḥśrī
Chapter 40 - Sarvavṛkṣapraphullanasukhasaṃvāsā
Chapter 41 - Sarvajagadrakṣāpraṇidhānavīryaprabhā
Lalitavistara-sutra [sanskrit]
Chapter 2 - Samutsāha-parivarta
Chapter 3 - Kulapariśuddhi-parivarta
Chapter 8 - Devakulopanayana-parivarta
Chapter 10 - Lipiśālāsaṃdarśana-parivarta
Chapter 13 - Saṃcodanā-parivarta
Chapter 15 - Abhiniṣkramaṇa-parivarta
Chapter 18 - Nairañjanā-parivarta
Chapter 19 - Bodhimaṇḍagamana-parivarta
Chapter 20 - Bodhimaṇḍavyūha-parivarta
Chapter 21 - Māragharṣaṇa-parivarta
Chapter 9 - Story of Gautama, the progenitor of Ikṣvāku
Chapter 95 - Conversion of the brahmin Deva
Chapter 175 - The story of the great thief
Chapter 176 - Yaśodharā seeks to bring the Buddha back to her
Chapter 189 - Ānanda's conversion
Chapter 225 - The story of Kalyāṇakārin
Verse 35.12 < [Chapter 35]
Verse 24.23 < [Chapter 24]
Verse 6.19 < [Chapter 6]
Verse 5.19 < [Chapter 5]
Verse 111.11 < [Chapter 111]
Verse 109.3 < [Chapter 109]
Verse 32.7 < [Chapter 32]
Verse 6.5 < [Chapter 6]
Verse 13.20 < [Chapter 13]
Verse 6.16 < [Chapter 6]
Verse 12.30 < [Chapter 12]
Verse 1.1.6.28 < [Chapter 6]
Verse 1.1.9.113 < [Chapter 9]
Verse 1.1.10.12 < [Chapter 10]
Verse 1.1.10.13 < [Chapter 10]
Verse 1.1.15.73 < [Chapter 15]
Verse 1.1.17.190 < [Chapter 17]
Verse 1.1.22.93 < [Chapter 22]
Verse 1.1.24.17 < [Chapter 24]
Verse 1.1.25.16 < [Chapter 25]
Verse 1.1.25.22 < [Chapter 25]
Verse 1.1.26.49 < [Chapter 26]
Verse 1.1.31.43 < [Chapter 31]
Verse 1.1.34.84 < [Chapter 34]
Verse 1.2.9.7 < [Chapter 9]
Verse 1.2.12.21 < [Chapter 12]
Verse 1.2.21.36 < [Chapter 21]
Verse 1.2.24.42 < [Chapter 24]
Verse 1.2.25.61 < [Chapter 25]
Verse 1.2.25.77 < [Chapter 25]
Verse 1.2.37.10 < [Chapter 37]
Verse 1.2.39.42 < [Chapter 39]
Verse 1.2.41.168 < [Chapter 41]
Verse 1.2.42.20 < [Chapter 42]
Verse 1.2.42.51 < [Chapter 42]
Verse 1.2.43.66 < [Chapter 43]
Verse 8.35 [commentary, 158:9] < [Chapter 8]
Verse 14.9 [commentary, 281:13] < [Chapter 14]
Verse 79.0 [commentary, 876:10] < [Chapter 79]
Verse 79.4 < [Chapter 79]
Verse 112.16 < [Chapter 112]
Verse 113.29 < [Chapter 113]
Harivamsa [appendix] [sanskrit]
Verse 18.358 < [Chapter 18]
Verse 18.571 [60:1] < [Chapter 18]
Verse 18.574 < [Chapter 18]
Verse 20.205 < [Chapter 20]
Verse 20.1030 < [Chapter 20]
Verse 29A.168 < [Chapter 29A]
Verse 29A.188 < [Chapter 29A]
Verse 31.1141 < [Chapter 31]
Verse 31.1143 < [Chapter 31]
Verse 31.2175 < [Chapter 31]
Verse 31.2276 < [Chapter 31]
Verse 31.3057 < [Chapter 31]
Verse 40.125 [27:1] < [Chapter 40]
Verse 40.144 [41:9] < [Chapter 40]
Verse 40.173 [55:11] < [Chapter 40]
Verse 41.88 < [Chapter 41]
Verse 41.625 < [Chapter 41]
Verse 42B.897 < [Chapter 42B]
Verse 42B.2686 < [Chapter 42B]
Verse 45.17 < [Chapter 45]
Verse 4.191 < [Chapter 4]
Verse 7.235 < [Chapter 7]
Verse 10.60 < [Chapter 10]
Verse 10.64 < [Chapter 10]
Verse 10.588 < [Chapter 10]
Verse 10.669 < [Chapter 10]
Verse 10.775 < [Chapter 10]
Verse 10.888 < [Chapter 10]
Verse 10.890 < [Chapter 10]
Verse 10.895 < [Chapter 10]
Verse 10.932 < [Chapter 10]
Verse 10.934 < [Chapter 10]
Verse 10.966 < [Chapter 10]
Verse 10.987 < [Chapter 10]
Verse 10.1017 < [Chapter 10]
Verse 10.1096 < [Chapter 10]
Verse 11.25 < [Chapter 11]
Verse 11.133 < [Chapter 11]
Verse 12.143 < [Chapter 12]
Verse 15.29 < [Chapter 15]
Kautilya Arthashastra [sanskrit]
Chapter 1.20 < [Book 1]
Chapter 1.21 < [Book 1]
Chapter 2.18 < [Book 2]
Chapter 2.27 < [Book 2]
Chapter 2.30 < [Book 2]
Chapter 2.31 < [Book 2]
Chapter 2.32 < [Book 2]
Chapter 13.1 < [Book 13]
Brihat-katha-shloka-samgraha [sanskrit]
Verse 2.22 < [Chapter 2]
Verse 4.92 < [Chapter 4]
Verse 8.1 < [Chapter 8]
Verse 18.155 < [Chapter 18]
Verse 18.370 < [Chapter 18]
Verse 19.4 < [Chapter 19]
Verse 20.91 < [Chapter 20]
Verse 20.98 < [Chapter 20]
Verse 20.207 < [Chapter 20]
Verse 20.240 < [Chapter 20]
Verse 22.76 < [Chapter 22]
Verse 23.59 < [Chapter 23]
Verse 25.99 < [Chapter 25]
Verse 25.103 < [Chapter 25]
Verse 25.104 < [Chapter 25]
Verse 28.12 < [Chapter 28]
Verse 1.114.43 < [Chapter 114]
Verse 1.114.49 < [Chapter 114]
Verse 2.19.28 < [Chapter 19]
Verse 3.29.10 < [Chapter 29]
Verse 3.80.31 < [Chapter 80]
Verse 3.187.16 < [Chapter 187]
Verse 3.188.33 < [Chapter 188]
Verse 3.198.73 < [Chapter 198]
Verse 3.201.18 < [Chapter 201]
Verse 3.203.9 < [Chapter 203]
Verse 3.203.16 < [Chapter 203]
Verse 3.222.18 < [Chapter 222]
Verse 3.236.3 < [Chapter 236]
Verse 3.261.37 < [Chapter 261]
Verse 3.265.1 < [Chapter 265]
Verse 4.3.15 < [Chapter 3]
Verse 4.4.43 < [Chapter 4]
Verse 4.10.1 < [Chapter 10]
Verse 4.18.19 < [Chapter 18]
Verse 5.83.14 < [Chapter 83]
Verse 5.88.13 < [Chapter 88]
Verse 5.88.53 < [Chapter 88]
Verse 5.94.33 < [Chapter 94]
Verse 6.4.20 < [Chapter 4]
Verse 6.21.11 < [Chapter 21]
Akshayamatinirdesha [sanskrit]
V. Svaparārthakriyā (5th akṣaya, Dāna)
VI. Kṛpā (11th akṣaya, Maitrī)
34th akṣaya, Kāyasmṛtyupasthāna
37th akṣaya, Dharmasmṛtyupasthāna
XVIII. Pratyekabodhi (79th akṣaya, Ekāyano Mārgaḥ)
Verse 3.5.1.36 < [Kāṇḍa 3, Adhyāya 5, Brāhmaṇa 1]
Verse 7.40 < [Chapter 7]
Verse 21.206 < [Chapter 21]
Verse 28.65 < [Chapter 28]
Verse 29.158 < [Chapter 29]
Paramesvara-samhita [sanskrit]
Verse 7.380 < [Chapter 7]
Verse 11.117 < [Chapter 11]
Verse 14.345 < [Chapter 14]
Verse 15.500 < [Chapter 15]
Verse 15.994 < [Chapter 15]
Verse 15.1038 < [Chapter 15]
Verse 15.1040 < [Chapter 15]
Verse 16.362 < [Chapter 16]
Verse 17.37 < [Chapter 17]
Verse 17.81 < [Chapter 17]
Verse 17.348 < [Chapter 17]
Purushottama-samhita [sanskrit]
Verse 3.10 < [Chapter 3]
Verse 4.52 < [Chapter 4]
Verse 4.61 < [Chapter 4]
Verse 8.30 < [Chapter 8]
Verse 15.59 < [Chapter 15]
Verse 19.7 < [Chapter 19]
Verse 21.49 < [Chapter 21]
Verse 23.21 < [Chapter 23]
Verse 24.1 < [Chapter 24]
Verse 24.108 < [Chapter 24]
Verse 24.176 < [Chapter 24]
Verse 24.198 < [Chapter 24]
Verse 25.37 < [Chapter 25]
Verse 26.8 < [Chapter 26]
Verse 29.6 < [Chapter 29]
Verse 33.20 < [Chapter 33]
Verse 2.59 < [Chapter 2]
Verse 3.72 < [Chapter 3]
Verse 5.16 < [Chapter 5]
Verse 5.65 < [Chapter 5]
Verse 8.23 < [Chapter 8]
Verse 11.10 < [Chapter 11]
Verse 11.16 < [Chapter 11]
Verse 11.20 < [Chapter 11]
Verse 11.24 < [Chapter 11]
Verse 11.47 < [Chapter 11]
Verse 11.73 < [Chapter 11]
Verse 11.89 < [Chapter 11]
Verse 11.111 < [Chapter 11]
Verse 11.135 < [Chapter 11]
Verse 11.155 < [Chapter 11]
Verse 11.159 < [Chapter 11]
Verse 11.169 < [Chapter 11]
Verse 11.173 < [Chapter 11]
Verse 11.175 < [Chapter 11]
Verse 11.176 < [Chapter 11]
Verse 11.179 < [Chapter 11]
Verse 11.184 < [Chapter 11]
Verse 11.230 < [Chapter 11]
Verse 11.238 < [Chapter 11]
Verse 11.244 < [Chapter 11]
Verse 5.8 < [Chapter 5]
Verse 5.30 < [Chapter 5]
Verse 5.31 < [Chapter 5]
Verse 5.32 < [Chapter 5]
Verse 5.33 < [Chapter 5]
Verse 8.26 < [Chapter 8]
Verse 10.35 < [Chapter 10]
Verse 10.94 < [Chapter 10]
Verse 10.152 < [Chapter 10]
Verse 24.22 < [Chapter 24]
Verse 24.25 < [Chapter 24]
Verse 25.135 < [Chapter 25]
Verse 26.80 < [Chapter 26]
Yoga-sutra with Bhasya [sanskrit]
Yoga-sutra with Bhoja Vritti [sanskrit]
Verse 1.2.24 < [Chapter 2]
Verse 1.123.6 < [Chapter 123]
Verse 1.153.2 < [Chapter 153]
Verse 1.154.24 < [Chapter 154]
Verse 1.155.13 < [Chapter 155]
Verse 1.155.15 < [Chapter 155]
Verse 1.155.16 < [Chapter 155]
Verse 1.155.25 < [Chapter 155]
Verse 1.165.40 < [Chapter 165]
Verse 1.168.25 < [Chapter 168]
Verse 1.169.16 < [Chapter 169]
Verse 1.172.3 < [Chapter 172]
Verse 1.177.5 < [Chapter 177]
Verse 1.177.10 < [Chapter 177]
Verse 1.178.10 < [Chapter 178]
Verse 1.184.27 < [Chapter 184]
Verse 1.216.18 < [Chapter 216]
Verse 2.1.2.3 < [Chapter 2]
Verse 2.1.2.4 < [Chapter 2]
Verse 2.1.3.14 < [Chapter 3]
Verse 2.1.16.17 < [Chapter 16]
Verse 2.2.10.76 < [Chapter 10]
Verse 2.2.19.10 < [Chapter 19]
Verse 2.2.20.75 < [Chapter 20]
Verse 2.2.20.77 < [Chapter 20]