Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 3.14.470
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.14.470:
समुदायेषु वर्तन्ते भावानां सहचारिणाम् ।
शब्दास्तत्त्वाविवक्षायां समुच्चयविकल्पयोः ॥ ४७० ॥samudāyeṣu vartante bhāvānāṃ sahacāriṇām |
śabdāstattvāvivakṣāyāṃ samuccayavikalpayoḥ || 470 ||470. Words stand for a combination of associated qualities and that when neither option (vikalpa) nor addition (samuccaya) is meant.
Commentary
[In order to explain how an action-word can end in the third case-affix, the M. Bhā (11. p. 363, I. 12. 13) states that a word like brāhmaṇa stands for a combination of qualities like lair colour, clean conduct, reddish-brown hair etc. associated with birth in a particular caste. Even though these qualities may not be invariably present, still they are expressed by the word which denotes that caste. The close association ol these qualities with a caste is what is meant here. In this way, there would be no confusion. A word like brāhmaṇa denotes only qualities associated with a particular caste, even though it stands for a combination. What is meant by combination is that neither option (vikalpa) nor addition (samuccaya) is meant to be conveyed.]