Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 1.33.14
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
आव॒: कुत्स॑मिन्द्र॒ यस्मि॑ञ्चा॒कन्प्रावो॒ युध्य॑न्तं वृष॒भं दश॑द्युम् । श॒फच्यु॑तो रे॒णुर्न॑क्षत॒ द्यामुच्छ्वै॑त्रे॒यो नृ॒षाह्या॑य तस्थौ ॥
आवः कुत्समिन्द्र यस्मिञ्चाकन्प्रावो युध्यन्तं वृषभं दशद्युम् । शफच्युतो रेणुर्नक्षत द्यामुच्छ्वैत्रेयो नृषाह्याय तस्थौ ॥
āvaḥ kutsam indra yasmiñ cākan prāvo yudhyantaṃ vṛṣabhaṃ daśadyum | śaphacyuto reṇur nakṣata dyām uc chvaitreyo nṛṣāhyāya tasthau ||
English translation:
“You, Indra, have protected Kutsa, grateful for his praises; you have defended the excellent Daśadyu engaged in battle; the dust of your courser's hoofs ascended to heaven; the son of Śvita, (through your favour), rose up, to be again unborn by men.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Kutsa is a ṛṣi, a founder of a gotra, a religious family; Daśadyuḥ is also a ṛṣi and a warrior; Śvaitreya or Śvitrya is the son of mother Śvitra. Next hymn described Śvitra as having hidden himself in a pool of water to avoid the enemies
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): hiraṇyastūpa āṅgirasaḥ [hiraṇyastūpa āṅgirasa];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): bhurikpaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
आवः॑ । कुत्स॑म् । इ॒न्द्र॒ । यस्मि॑न् । चा॒कन् । प्र । आ॒वः॒ । युध्य॑न्तम् । वृ॒ष॒भम् । दश॑ऽद्युम् । श॒फऽच्यु॑तः । रे॒णुः । न॒क्ष॒त॒ । द्याम् । उत् । श्वै॒त्रे॒यः । नृ॒ऽसह्या॑य । त॒स्थौ॒ ॥
आवः । कुत्सम् । इन्द्र । यस्मिन् । चाकन् । प्र । आवः । युध्यन्तम् । वृषभम् । दशद्युम् । शफच्युतः । रेणुः । नक्षत । द्याम् । उत् । श्वैत्रेयः । नृसह्याय । तस्थौ ॥
āvaḥ | kutsam | indra | yasmin | cākan | pra | āvaḥ | yudhyantam | vṛṣabham | daśa-dyum | śapha-cyutaḥ | reṇuḥ | nakṣata | dyām | ut | śvaitreyaḥ | nṛ-sahyāya | tasthau
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 1.33.14 English analysis of grammar]
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“support; help; prefer; prefer; like.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Kutsa; kutsa [word].”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
[noun], locative, singular, masculine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[verb], singular, Plusquamperfect
“like; delight; desire.”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“help; promote.”
[verb noun], accusative, singular
“fight; overcome.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“bull; Vṛṣabha; Vṛṣabha; best.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Daśadyu.”
[noun], masculine
“one-eighth; śapha [word].”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“fall down; issue; shoot; ejaculate; deviate; banish; drop; dislodge; miss; deprive.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“dust; pollen; powder.”
[verb], singular, Present injunctive
“reach; approach.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”
[adverb]
“up.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
[noun], dative, singular, neuter
“battle.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“stay; stand; situate; exist; [in]; resist; endure; put; soak; be; stop; adhere; get stale; concentrate; grow; trust; wake; consociate; last; dwell; lie; stand; stop.”