Verse 7.10 - Contemplations regarding suffering (duḥkha)

Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of Tattvartha sūtra 7.10:

दुःखमेव वा ॥ ७.१० ॥

duḥkhameva vā || 7.10 ||

Or, it should be contemplated that injury (hiṃsā), etc., are nothing but suffering. (10)

Hindi Anvayarth:

अन्वयार्थ: [वा] अथवा ये हिंसादिक पाँच पाप [दुःखमेव] दुःखरूप ही हैं-ऐसा विचारना।

Anvayartha: [va] athava ye himsadika pamca papa [duhkhameva] duhkharupa hi haim-aisa vicarana |

Explanation in English from Ācārya Pūjyapāda’s Sarvārthasiddhi:

The second contemplation relating to injury (hiṃsā), etc., is now mentioned.

It should be contemplated that injury, etc., are nothing but suffering. How are these nothing but suffering? These are nothing but suffering being the cause of suffering. For instance, by overlaying the effect (kārya) in the cause (kāraṇa), we say that food is life. Similarly we say that wealth is life, as wealth begets food, and food sustains life. So also injury, etc., are the causes of karmas which produce unpleasant-feeling (asātāvedanīya). And unpleasant-feeling (asātāvedanīya) is the cause of suffering. Thus, injury (hiṃsā), etc., are figuratively referred to as suffering. That injury (hiṃsā), etc., are suffering only is adduced by one’s own experience as well as of others. Now, how can all these be said to be suffering when sensual-pleasures are seen to be providing happiness? But what sensual-pleasures provide is not happiness; it only relieves pain for the moment, as scratching in the case of a person suffering from itch or scabies.