Verse 2.5 - Eighteen kinds of kṣāyopaśamika-bhāva

Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of Tattvartha sūtra 2.5:

ज्ञानाज्ञानदर्शनलब्धयश्चतुस्त्रित्रिपञ्चभेदाः सम्यक्त्वचारित्रसंयमासंयमाश्च ॥ २.५ ॥

jñānājñānadarśanalabdhayaścatustritripañcabhedāḥ samyaktvacāritrasaṃyamāsaṃyamāśca || 2.5 ||

The destruction-cum-subsidential (kṣāyopaśamika) disposition is of eighteen kinds: four kinds of knowledge (jñāna), three kinds of wrong knowledge (ajñāna), three kinds of perception (darśana), five kinds of attainment (labdhi), right belief (samyaktva), conduct (cāritra), and restraint-cum-non-restraint (saṃyamāsaṃyama). The word destruction-cum-subsidential (kṣāyopaśamika) must be added to these eighteen kinds of disposition. (5)

Hindi Anvayarth:

अन्वयार्थ: [ज्ञान अज्ञान] मति, श्रुत, अवधि और मनःपर्यय यह चार ज्ञान तथा कुमति, कुश्रुत और कुअवधि ये तीन अज्ञान, [दर्शन] चक्षु, अचक्षु और अवधि ये तीन दर्शन, [लब्धयः] क्षायोपशमिक दान, लाभ, भोग, उपभोग, वीर्य ये पाँच लब्धियाँ [चतुः त्रि त्रि पञ्च भेदाः] इस प्रकार 4+3+3+5=15 भेद तथा [सम्यक्त्व] क्षायोपशमिक सम्यक्त्व [चारित्र] क्षायोपशमिक चारित्र [च] और [संयमासयमाः] संयमासंयम-इस प्रकार क्षायोपशमिकभाव के 18 भेद हैं।

Anvayartha: [jnana ajnana] mati, shruta, avadhi aura manahparyaya yaha cara jnana tatha kumati, kushruta aura kuavadhi ye tina ajnana, [darshana] cakshu, acakshu aura avadhi ye tina darshana, [labdhayah] kshayopashamika dana, labha, bhoga, upabhoga, virya ye pamca labdhiyam [catuh tri tri panca bhedah] isa prakara 4+3+3+5=15 bheda tatha [samyaktva] kshayopashamika samyaktva [caritra] kshayopashamika caritra [ca] aura [samyamasayamah] samyamasamyama-isa prakara kshayopashamikabhava ke 18 bheda haim |

Explanation in English from Ācārya Pūjyapāda’s Sarvārthasiddhi:

The eighteen characteristics of destruction-cum-subsidential (kṣāyopaśamika) disposition (bhāva) are now described.

The destruction-cum-subsidential (kṣāyopaśamika) disposition arises when, for the present, there is destruction-of-rise (udayābhāvī kṣaya) of the karmic-strength that obscures the attributes of the soul completely–sarvaghāti spardhaka–and, for the future, there is subsidence (upaśama) of these and rise (udaya) only of the karmic-strength that obscures partially–deśaghātī spardhaka.

Herein the operation of dispositions like knowledge (jñāna) must be understood with reference to their own covering (āvaraṇa) and destruction-cum-subsidence (kṣayopaśama) of the obstructive (antarāya) karmas.

The word ‘samyaktva’ in the sūtra refers to the destruction-cum-subsidential type of right belief–‘vedaka samyaktva’ or ‘kṣāyopa-śamika samyaktva’. The ‘vedaka samyaktva’ is the belief in substances that arises on destruction-of-rise (udayābhāvī kṣaya) as well as subsidence (upaśama) of these six: four passions (kaṣāya) leading to endless mundane existence–anantānubandhi, the faith-deluding karmas of wrong-belief (mithyātva) and mixed-belief (samyagmithyātva). The rise of the faith-deluding karmas of right-belief (samyaktva prakṛti) which obscure only partially (deśaghātī) is ‘vedaka samyaktva’ .

The destruction-cum-subsidential (kṣāyopaśamika) restraint-cum-non-restraint (saṃyamāsaṃyama) is the state (pariṇāma) of the soul that arises on destruction-of-rise (udayābhāvī kṣaya) as well as on subsidence (upaśama) of the twelve passions (kaṣāya), namely, the four that lead to endless existence–anantānubandhī, the four that prevent partial self-control–apratyākhyānāvaraṇa, and the four that prevent complete self-control–pratyākhyānāvaraṇa, and on the rise of the partially-obscuring (deśaghātī) karmic-strength (spardhaka) of any one of the gleaming–saṃjvalana–passions (kaṣāya), and possible rise of the nine quasi-passions (nokaṣāya).

There are four partially-obscuring (deśaghātī) types of knowledge-obscuring (jñānāvaraṇīya) karmas, therefore, four kinds of knowledge are manifested on their destruction-cum-subsidence (kṣayopaśama). However, since three kinds of wrong-knowledge (ajñāna) manifest in the wrong-believer (mithyādṛṣṭi), and four kinds of knowledge (jñāna) in the right-believer (samyagdṛṣṭi), there are seven kinds of destruction-cum-subsidential (kṣāyopaśamika) knowledge (jñāna).

The three kinds of destruction-cum-subsidential (kṣāyopaśamika) perception (darśana) are ocular-perception (cakṣudarśana), non-ocular-perception (acakṣudarśana) and clairvoyant-perception (avadhidarśana).

The five kinds of destruction-cum-subsidential (kṣāyopaśamika) attainment (labdhi) are gift (dāna), gain (lābha), enjoyment (bhoga), re-enjoyment (upabhoga), and energy (vīrya).