Shaiva Upanishads (A Critical Study)

by Arpita Chakraborty | 2013 | 33,902 words

This page relates ‘Nature of Supreme God—The Brahman’ of the study on the Shaiva Upanishads in English, comparing them with other texts dealing with the Shiva cult (besides the Agamas and Puranas). The Upaniṣads are ancient philosophical and theological treatises. Out of the 108 Upanishads mentioned in the Muktikopanishad, 15 are classified as Saiva-Upanisads.

1.11. Nature of Supreme God—The Brahman

[...] Śvetāśvatara Upaniṣad III.11

That Divine Lord, being all-pervading, omnipresent and benevolent, dwells in the hearts of all beings, and makes use of all faces, heads and necks in this world. This Self is indeed the mighty Lord. He is the imperishable (internal) light that controls everything. He guides the intellect of all beings so as to enable them to gain that extremely pure state (of Mukti). Assuming a form of the size of a thumb, by virtue of intellect, emotion, imagination and will, the Infinite Being dwells in the hearts of creatures as their inner self. Those who realize this become immortal. That Infinite Being has a thousand heads, a thousand eyes and a thousand feet enveloping the whole universe on all sides. He exists beyond ten fingers. That which is, that which was, and that which is yet to be -all this is nothing but this Infinite Being. Though He grows beyond His own nature into the form of the objective universe, He still remains the lord of immortality. With hands and feet everywhere, with eyes, heads and mouths everywhere, with ears everywhere, That exists, pervading everything in the universe. They realize Him as shining by the functions of all the senses yet without the senses as the lord of all, the ruler of all, the refuge of all and the friend of all. It is He who resides in the body, the city of nine gates. He is the soul that sports in the outside world. He is the master of the whole world, animate and inanimate. Without hands and feet He goes fast and grasps; without eyes He sees; without ears He hears. He knows whatever is to be known, yet there is none who knows Him. They say He is the foremost, the great Infinite Being.

[...] Śvetāśvatara Upaniṣad III.20

Subtler than even the subtlest and greater than the greatest, the Ātman is concealed in the heart of the creature. By the grace of the Creator, one becomes free from sorrows and desires, and then realizes Him as the great Lord. I know this undecaying primeval Immanent Self of all, who is omnipresent because of His all-pervasiveness, and whom the expounders of Brahman declare to be eternally free from birth. May that Divine Being, who, though Himself colourless, gives rise to various colours in different ways with the help of His own power, for His own inscrutable purpose, and who dissolves the whole world in Himself in the end -may He endow us with good thoughts! That Itself is the fire, That is the sun, That is the air, That is the moon, That is also the starry firmament, That is the Brahman, That is the waters, That is Prajāpati.

[...] Śvetāśvatara Upaniṣad IV.3

You are the woman, you are the man, you are the youth and the maiden too. You are the old man who totters along, leaning on the staff. You are born with faces turned in all directions. You are the dark blue butterfly, and the green parrot with red eyes. You are the thunder-cloud, the seasons and the oceans. You are without beginning, and beyond all time and space. You are He from whom all the worlds are born.

[...] Śvetāśvatara Upaniṣad IV.5

There is a single female of red, white and black colours, who is unorginated, and who attachment for her, while another male,also unorginated, forsakes her after having enjoyed her.[1]

Footnotes and references:

[1]:

Ibid III.11-21, IV. 1-5.

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