Samkhya thoughts in the Mahabharata

by Shini M.V. | 2017 | 51,373 words

This page relates ‘Resume’ of the study of Samkhya thought and philosophy as reflected in the Shanti-Parva of the Mahabharata. Samkhya represents one of the six orthodox schools of Indian Philosophy and primarily deals with metaphysical knowledge and explains the Universe without the need to introduce God. The Mahabharata is an ancient Sanskrit epic which includes many Sankhya theories while expounding twenty-five principles.

Indian philosophy is considered as the source of royal knowledge and contains ever full to the brim with mankind which never ends or goes off. Philosophy is the fertilizer which makes the free of life grow and spread out.

The Hindu philosophical scriptures has in it Śrutīs, Smṛtīs, Itihāsas, Purāṇas, Āgamas and Darśanas. The Darśanas constitute the intellectual section and are based on Vedas. Indian Philosophical system is classified into two wide divisions—Āstika and Nāstika. The Āstika numbers six consisting of six darśanas: Sāṃkhya, Yoga, Nyāya, Vaiśeṣika, Pūrvamīmāmsā and Uttaramīmamsā.

These six systems have six founders. The exponent of Sāṃkhya system is Kapila, the yoga system belongs to Patañjali, Nyāya by Gautama, Vaiśeṣika by Kaṇāda, Jaimini the Mīmāmsā school and Vedānta by Bādarāyaṇa. Of all these schools, the Sāṃkhya system that too in the epic the Mahābhārata is dealt with in detail.

Sāṃkhya, the oldest system in the Hindu philosophy puts everything on the shoulders of Prakṛti and Puruṣa. This is a dualistic realism. It does not accept God as a metaphysical principle. The three guṇas-Sattva, Rajas and Tamas are also the main concern of this Philosophy. Sāṃkhyakārika upholds twenty five principles and also the Prakṛti vikṛtis like Mahat, Ahaṃkāra and the five tanmātras. Puruṣa is considered as an eternal entity which is neither an evolute nor can evolve. Puruṣa is sentient whereas Prakṛti is non-sentient. Puruṣa is a passive witness of the activities performed by Prakṛti.

Yoga is the spiritual and mental discipline formulated in India. The aim of this system is to lead to the practical path of liberation. It is the cittavṛttinirodha. Eight steps are described. Yoga gives stress on supreme God.

The concept of Itihāsa is explained with greater emphasis on the Mahābhārata The epic Mahābhārata is the focus of the project with greater emphasis on the Śāntiparva So brief descriptions of all the Parvas are included.

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