Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 3.14.358
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.14.358:
आश्रिते त्वाश्रयकृतं भेदमभ्युपगच्छता ।
पुनश्चाप्येकशब्दत्वं जातिशब्देऽनुवर्णितम् ॥ ३५८ ॥āśrite tvāśrayakṛtaṃ bhedamabhyupagacchatā |
punaścāpyekaśabdatvaṃ jātiśabde'nuvarṇitam || 358 ||358. By accepting diversity of number on the basis of the substrata in which the universal inheres, it has been declared that, if the universal is the meaning of the word more than one word need not be used.
Commentary
[If the word conveys the universal only, it gets its gender and number from the substrata of the universal. As the universal is only one, there is no need to use more than one word. So the sūtra which teaches ekaśeṣa (P. 1.2.64)is declared unnecessary. Even if the substance is part of the expressed meaning of the word, it can be so only secondarily and it cannot be the cause of the use of more than one word.]
Thus has come to an end the consideration of how qualifying words take the gender and number of the words expressive of their substrata, a point which arose while considering the nature of complex formations (vṛtti).
Now begins the consideration of compounds involving comparison taught in P. 2.1.55. A comparison involves a standard of comparison (upamāna) an object of comparison (upameya) and a common quality (samānadharma). The M. Bhā. definition of upamāna is going to be stated in the following-stanzas.