Verse 3.14.160-161

Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.14.160-161:

काल्यां कालाद् द्वितीयान्तात् काले काल्यास्तरब् भवेत् ।
न्यक्कर्तरि तथा गार्ग्ये गर्गेभ्यः प्रत्ययो भवेत् ॥ १६० ॥
न्यक्कर्तृषु च गर्गेषु गार्ग्यात् स्यात् तच्च नेष्यते ।
कुमार्याः स्वार्थिके ङीप् स्यात् प्रकृत्यर्थो हि नाधिकः ॥ १६१ ॥

kālyāṃ kālād dvitīyāntāt kāle kālyāstarab bhavet |
nyakkartari tathā gārgye gargebhyaḥ pratyayo bhavet || 160 ||
nyakkartṛṣu ca gargeṣu gārgyāt syāt tacca neṣyate |
kumāryāḥ svārthike ṅīp syāt prakṛtyartho hi nādhikaḥ || 161 ||

160. When the superior is kālī, the suffix tarap would be added to the word kāla having the second case-ending; when the superior is kāla, the suffix tarap would be added to the word kālī having the second case-ending, when the one who surpasses is gārgya, the suffix would be added to gargāḥ.

161. When those who surpass are the gargāḥ, the suffix would be added to gārgyaḥ and all this is not desired. If tarap is added in the meaning of the stem itself (svār[?]ha) there would be ṅīp (in kumāritarā) because the meaning of the stem would not be over and above (that of degree).

Commentary

[When the suffix tarap is added in the sense of kālam atiśete kālī, we would get kālatarā whereas it should be kālitarā. When it is added in the sense of kālīm atiśete kālaḥ, we would get kālitaraḥ whereas it should be kālataraḥ In these illustrations we see difference in gender between the stem and the suffix when atiśāyane is interpreted as qualifying the meaning of the suffix (pratyayārtha viśeṣaṇapakṣa). Difference of number also would result. From gargān atiśete gārgyaḥ, we would get gargatara whereas it should be gārgyatara. gārgyam atiśerate gargāḥ would yield gārgyataraḥ whereas it should be gargatarāḥ. All this is the result of the view that the meaning of the stem qualifies that of the suffix. Hence the M. Bhā. has adopted the view that it is the meaning of the stem which is qualified, not by the meaning of the suffix, but within itself. In other words the suffix is added in the meaning of the stem itself (svārthe) which is that of the agent. So we would get kālitarā from kālī atiśete and kālataraḥ from kālah atiśete. In this way, there would be no discrepancy of gender between the stem and the word formed. (See M. Bhā. Up. 414, 1.20). Similarly, if we form gargyatara from gārgyaḥatiśete[?], and gargatarāḥ from gargā atiśerate, there would not be any discrepancy in number either.

But there would be one difficulty here. Kumārī atiśete might yield kumāritarī (ṅīp) whereas it should be kumāritarā. If tarap is added in the sense of the stem itself (svārtha), the meaning of the stem kumārī being the feminine conditioned by childhood (vayasi prathame), which is not apart from degree, the ṅīp would be added again to express degree. It might be said that the tarap expresses degree in what is conveyed by the stem, namely, the feminine conditioned by childhood and, therefore, there is no need to add ṅīp again to express degree. But in that way ṭāp also would become unnecessary. It might be said that ṭāp would come in the sense of the stem itself (svārtha) which is the feminine conditioned by childhood and having degree. But ṅīp has been taught setting aside ṭāp and so that would come which is not desired.]

Thus a difficulty has been pointed out in the view that the suffix tarap is added in the sense of the stem itself. How the Bhāṣya meets this difficulty is now explained.