Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 3.9.37
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.9.37:
क्रियापाधिश्च सन् भूतभविष्यद्वर्तमानताः ।
एकादशभिराकारैर्विभक्ताः प्रतिपद्यते ॥ ३७ ॥kriyāpādhiśca san bhūtabhaviṣyadvartamānatāḥ |
ekādaśabhirākārairvibhaktāḥ pratipadyate || 37 ||37. Conditioned by action, Time attains the states of past, future and present, divided into eleven forms.
Commentary
Not only the distinction of the seasons, that of the past, present etc. also is due to difference in action.
[Read verse 37 above]
[Time, conditioned by an action which, after having been initiated, is over, is called the past. When conditioned by actions whose accessories are present and which are expected to be initiated soon, it is called the future. When conditioned by actions, which have been initiated but not finished, it is called the present. These three, when subdivided, become eleven in number.]