Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 3.7.81-82
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.7.81-82:
प्रधानेतकयोर्यत्र द्रव्यस्य क्रिययोः पृथक् ।
शक्तिर्गुणाश्रया तत्र प्रधानमनुरुध्यते ॥ ८१ ॥
प्रधानविषया शक्तिः प्रत्ययेनभिधीयते ।
यदा गुणे तदा तद्वदनुक्तापि प्रकाशते ॥ ८२ ॥pradhānetakayoryatra dravyasya kriyayoḥ pṛthak |
śaktirguṇāśrayā tatra pradhānamanurudhyate || 81 ||
pradhānaviṣayā śaktiḥ pratyayenabhidhīyate |
yadā guṇe tadā tadvadanuktāpi prakāśate || 82 ||81. When one and the same thing has the power (of being the object) in regard to two actions, the main one and the secondary one, the power in regard to the secondary action follows that in regard to the main one.
82. Where the power (of being the object) relating to the main action is expressed by the verbal suffix, then the one relating to the secondary action, though not expressed, is understood.
Commentary
The author now states what happens when a thing becomes the object of two actions in the same sentence,
[Read verse 81-82 above]
[It has been said before that where the one and the same action has two objects, the verbal suffix expresses the main one and the other is expressed by the case-ending as in ajā nīyate grāmam = the goat is taken to the village, when the same object is connected with two actions and the verbal suffix expresses the object in regard to the main action, that in regard to the other need not be expressed. It would be understood without it.]
An example is now given.