Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 3.1.99
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.1.99:
अनुप्रवृत्तेति यथाभिन्ना बुद्धिः प्रतीयते ।
अर्थो व्यावृत्तरूपोऽपि तथा तत्त्वेन गृह्यते ॥ ९९ ॥anupravṛtteti yathābhinnā buddhiḥ pratīyate |
artho vyāvṛttarūpo'pi tathā tattvena gṛhyate || 99 ||99. Just as a cognition which is dissimilar appears to be uniform, similarly, an object also appears to be the same even though it is different.
Commentary
The author now explains the Bauddha view in regard to the universal.
[Read verse 99 above]
[According to the Bauddhas, the cognition of Universal is an error. All cognitions are different from one another. There is no such thing as identity of cognition, but, due to an eternal vāsanā, cognitions appear to be identical and on that basis, the concept of universal in cognition arises. Objects are also essentially different from one another, but due to the same vāsanā, they appear to be identical and this unreal identity is called the universal.]
The author now considers whether there is any external basis for this cognition of identity.