Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana

by Gaurapada Dāsa | 2015 | 234,703 words

Baladeva Vidyabhusana’s Sahitya-kaumudi covers all aspects of poetical theory except the topic of dramaturgy. All the definitions of poetical concepts are taken from Mammata’s Kavya-prakasha, the most authoritative work on Sanskrit poetical rhetoric. Baladeva Vidyabhushana added the eleventh chapter, where he expounds additional ornaments from Visv...

[थिस् वेर्से एxएम्प्लिfइएस् अत्यन्त-तिरस्कृत-वाच्य ध्वनि (अन् इम्प्लिएद् मेअनिन्ग् इन् रेगर्द् तो wहिछ् थे लितेरल् सेन्से बेचोमेस् चोम्प्लेतेल्य्

[This verse exemplifies atyanta-tiraskṛta-vācya dhvani (an implied meaning in regard to which the literal sense becomes completely obliterated):]

smerāṃ bhaṅgī-traya-paricitāṃ sāci-vistīrṇa-dṛṣṭiṃ vaṃśī-nyastādhara-kisalayām ujjvalāṃ candrakeṇa |
govindākhyāṃ hari-tanum itaḥ keśi-tīrthopakaṇṭhe mā prekṣiṣṭhās tava yadi sakhe bandhu-saṅge’sti raṅgaḥ ||

smerām—[His form,] which is smiling; bhaṅgī-traya-paricitām—which is enhanced with a triad of curvatures (His neck, waist and knees are tilted); sāci—are crooked; vistīrṇa—and wide; dṛṣṭim—in regard to which the glances; vaṃśī-nyasta—is placed on the flute; adhara-kiśalayām—on which the blossom in the form of a lip; ujjvalām—which is shining (resplendent); candrakeṇa—with the eye of a peacock’s tail feather; govinda-ākhyām—known as Govinda; hari-tanum—Hari’s body; itaḥ—here; keśi-tīrtha-upakaṇṭhe—in proximity to the holy place called Keśī; mā prekṣiṣṭhāḥ—do not look; tava—your; yadi—if; sakhe—O friend; bandhu-saṅge—for the association of friends; asti—exists; raṅgaḥ—emotional attachment.

My friend, if you are emotionally attached to your relatives and worldly friends, then do not look at the form of Hari, also known as Govinda, here in the vicinity of the holy place named Keśī-ghat. He is smiling, His body is curved in three places, He casts crooked sidelong glances, His blossom-like lower lip is positioned on His flute, and He is resplendent, adorned with the eye of a peacock’s tail feather. (Bhakti-rasāmṛta-sindhu 1.2.239)

atra bandhu-saṅge rasaś cen mā prekṣiṣṭhā iti vācyo'rthaḥ taṃ vihāya tām eva prekṣasveti vaiparītya-bhāk, prekṣaṇātyāvaśyakatvaṃ phalam.

The literal sense is: “If you delight in associating with friends and relatives, do not look.” Here the figurative usage is characterized by the opposite sensethe literal meaning does not hold; the indirect meaning is “Look at His form”and the implied meaning is that one should look at Him by all means.

Commentary:

Another implied sense is: “Looking at Him annuls any attachment to relatives and worldly friends.” Jīva Gosvāmī says the implied sense is: etan-mādhurye’nubhūyamāne sarvam eva tucchaṃ maṃsyase, “Once this sweetness is experienced, you will consider everything else to be insignificant” (Durgama-saṅgamanī 1.2.239). In this verse, the Indication is viparīta-lakṣaṇā (the opposite sense), but there is no irony.

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