Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 6.44.21
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
वृषा॑सि दि॒वो वृ॑ष॒भः पृ॑थि॒व्या वृषा॒ सिन्धू॑नां वृष॒भः स्तिया॑नाम् । वृष्णे॑ त॒ इन्दु॑र्वृषभ पीपाय स्वा॒दू रसो॑ मधु॒पेयो॒ वरा॑य ॥
वृषासि दिवो वृषभः पृथिव्या वृषा सिन्धूनां वृषभः स्तियानाम् । वृष्णे त इन्दुर्वृषभ पीपाय स्वादू रसो मधुपेयो वराय ॥
vṛṣāsi divo vṛṣabhaḥ pṛthivyā vṛṣā sindhūnāṃ vṛṣabhaḥ stiyānām | vṛṣṇe ta indur vṛṣabha pīpāya svādū raso madhupeyo varāya ||
English translation:
“You, Indra, are the showerer of heaven, the bearer of earth, the feeder of the rivers, the supplier of the aggregated (waters); for you, showerer (of benefits), who are the most excellent shedder of rain, the sweet Soma, the honey-flavoured, is ready to be quaffed.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Note the use of derivative of vṛṣa, to sprinkle, to rain; Indra's horses are vṛṣaṇa; they draw a vṛṣa ratha; and are guided by vṛṣarasmayaḥ; again, the steeds are vṛṣaṇa = nityatāruṇnu, always young, and Indra is vṛṣan, vṛṣ, and vṛṣabha, the showerer of rain or of benefits; perhaps, in all these metaphors, a grosser sense is perhaps implied
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): śaṃyurbārhaspatyaḥ [śaṃyurbārhaspatya];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
वृषा॑ । अ॒सि॒ । दि॒वः । वृ॒ष॒भः । पृ॒थि॒व्याः । वृषा॑ । सिन्धू॑नाम् । वृ॒ष॒भः । स्तिया॑नाम् । वृष्णे॑ । ते॒ । इन्दुः॑ । वृ॒ष॒भ॒ । पी॒पा॒य॒ । स्वा॒दुः । रसः॑ । म॒धु॒ऽपेयः॑ । वरा॑य ॥
वृषा । असि । दिवः । वृषभः । पृथिव्याः । वृषा । सिन्धूनाम् । वृषभः । स्तियानाम् । वृष्णे । ते । इन्दुः । वृषभ । पीपाय । स्वादुः । रसः । मधुपेयः । वराय ॥
vṛṣā | asi | divaḥ | vṛṣabhaḥ | pṛthivyāḥ | vṛṣā | sindhūnām | vṛṣabhaḥ | stiyānām | vṛṣṇe | te | induḥ | vṛṣabha | pīpāya | svāduḥ | rasaḥ | madhu-peyaḥ | varāya
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 6.44.21 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“bull; Vṛṣabha; Vṛṣabha; best.”
[noun], genitive, singular, feminine
“Earth; pṛthivī; floor; Earth; earth; pṛthivī [word]; land.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”
[noun], genitive, plural, feminine
“river; Indus; sindhu [word].”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“bull; Vṛṣabha; Vṛṣabha; best.”
[noun], genitive, plural, feminine
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”
[noun], dative, singular
“you.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“bull; Vṛṣabha; Vṛṣabha; best.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“swell; abound; swell.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Madhura; sweet; sweet; dainty; agreeable.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“mercury; juice; medicine; rasa; alchemy; liquid; Rasa; mahārasa; taste; broth; elixir; resin; rasa; essence; six; water; soup; liquid body substance; rasa; formulation; myrrh; rasa [word]; amṛta; purpose; delight; solution; milk; beverage; alcohol; sap; nectar; Rasātala.”
[noun]
“sweet; deft.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“drink; gulp; soak; drink; suck; inhale.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“gift; favor; wish; privilege; varac; wages.”