Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 4.28.4
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
विश्व॑स्मात्सीमध॒माँ इ॑न्द्र॒ दस्यू॒न्विशो॒ दासी॑रकृणोरप्रश॒स्ताः । अबा॑धेथा॒ममृ॑णतं॒ नि शत्रू॒नवि॑न्देथा॒मप॑चितिं॒ वध॑त्रैः ॥
विश्वस्मात्सीमधमाँ इन्द्र दस्यून्विशो दासीरकृणोरप्रशस्ताः । अबाधेथाममृणतं नि शत्रूनविन्देथामपचितिं वधत्रैः ॥
viśvasmāt sīm adhamām̐ indra dasyūn viśo dāsīr akṛṇor apraśastāḥ | abādhethām amṛṇataṃ ni śatrūn avindethām apacitiṃ vadhatraiḥ ||
English translation:
“Indra, you have made these Dasyus devoid of all (good qualities); you have made the races without rites abject; may you, (Soma and Indra), repel (and) destroy (your) enemies; accept (our) homage for their destruction.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
You have made the servile races abject: viśa dāsīr akṛṇora praśastāḥ: dāsiḥ as the adjective of viśaḥ, prajāḥ, people, men, is explained: karmahīnāḥ, having no special or religiously instrumental tuted rites or functions;
Apraśastāḥ = garhitāḥ, reviled, vile
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevaḥ [vāmadeva];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indrāsomau ;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
विश्व॑स्मात् । सी॒म् । अ॒ध॒मान् । इ॒न्द्र॒ । दस्यू॑न् । विशः॑ । दासीः॑ । अ॒कृ॒णोः॒ । अ॒प्र॒ऽश॒स्ताः । अबा॑धेथाम् । अमृ॑णतम् । नि । शत्रू॑न् । अवि॑न्देथाम् । अप॑ऽचितिम् । वध॑त्रैः ॥
विश्वस्मात् । सीम् । अधमान् । इन्द्र । दस्यून् । विशः । दासीः । अकृणोः । अप्रशस्ताः । अबाधेथाम् । अमृणतम् । नि । शत्रून् । अविन्देथाम् । अपचितिम् । वधत्रैः ॥
viśvasmāt | sīm | adhamān | indra | dasyūn | viśaḥ | dāsīḥ | akṛṇoḥ | apra-śastāḥ | abādhethām | amṛṇatam | ni | śatrūn | avindethām | apa-citim | vadhatraiḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 4.28.4 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], ablative, singular, masculine
“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”
[adverb]
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“worst; bottom; despicable; worse; adhama [word]; last.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“savage; outcast; mugger.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“people; tribe; Vaisya; national; viś; real property; Vaisya.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“dāsa(a).”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”
[adverb]
“not; akāra; a [taddhita]; a [word]; a; a.”
[verb noun], accusative, plural
“recommend; approve; praise; laud; favor; proclaim.”
[verb], dual, Imperfect
“afflict; annoy; chase away; tease; grieve; irritate.”
[verb], dual, Imperfect
“kill; crush.”
[adverb]
“back; down.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“enemy; foe; enemy; Asura.”
[verb], dual, Imperfect
“find; detect; marry; get; think.”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“retaliation.”
[noun], instrumental, plural, neuter
“weapon.”