Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 2.31.6

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

उ॒त व॒: शंस॑मु॒शिजा॑मिव श्म॒स्यहि॑र्बु॒ध्न्यो॒३॒॑ऽज एक॑पादु॒त । त्रि॒त ऋ॑भु॒क्षाः स॑वि॒ता चनो॑ दधे॒ऽपां नपा॑दाशु॒हेमा॑ धि॒या शमि॑ ॥
उत वः शंसमुशिजामिव श्मस्यहिर्बुध्न्योऽज एकपादुत । त्रित ऋभुक्षाः सविता चनो दधेऽपां नपादाशुहेमा धिया शमि ॥
uta vaḥ śaṃsam uśijām iva śmasy ahir budhnyo 'ja ekapād uta | trita ṛbhukṣāḥ savitā cano dadhe 'pāṃ napād āśuhemā dhiyā śami ||

English translation:

“We desire, gods, to repeat the praise of you, who are propitiated by praise; may Ahirbudhnya, Aja ekapād, Trita, Ṛbhukṣin, Savitā, bestow upon us food, and may the swift-moving grandson of the waters, (Agni, be gratified by) our praises and our worship.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Ahirbudhnya and Aja ekapād are two rudras;

Ahirbudhnya = ahi, the epithet budhnya implies his origin in the firmament: budhnam antarikṣam tatra bhavo ahi nāmā deva; aja ekapād is the name of the sun, the unborn, who goes with one foot; trita is an epithet: tritastīrṇatama, most expanded, an epithet of Indra; ṛbhukṣin is an appellative of Indra. Savitā = the genitive rator of all, sarvasya prasavitā

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gṛtsamadaḥ śaunakaḥ [gṛtsamada śaunaka];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): viśvedevā:;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

उ॒त । वः॒ । शंस॑म् । उ॒शिजा॑म्ऽइव । श्म॒सि॒ । अहिः॑ । बु॒ध्न्यः॑ । अ॒जः । एक॑ऽपात् । उ॒त । त्रि॒तः । ऋ॒भु॒ऽक्षाः । स॒वि॒ता । चनः॑ । द॒धे॒ । अ॒पाम् । नपा॑त् । आ॒शु॒ऽहेमा॑ । धि॒या । शमि॑ ॥
उत । वः । शंसम् । उशिजाम्इव । श्मसि । अहिः । बुध्न्यः । अजः । एकपात् । उत । त्रितः । ऋभुक्षाः । सविता । चनः । दधे । अपाम् । नपात् । आशुहेमा । धिया । शमि ॥
uta | vaḥ | śaṃsam | uśijām-iva | śmasi | ahiḥ | budhnyaḥ | aja | eka-pāt | uta | tritaḥ | ṛbhu-kṣāḥ | savitā | canaḥ | dadhe | apām | napāt | āśu-hemā | dhiyā | śami

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 2.31.6 English analysis of grammar]

uta

[adverb]

“and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”

vaḥ < tvad

[noun], dative, plural

“you.”

śaṃsam < śaṃsa

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“praise; śaṃs; recitation.”

uśijām < uśij

[noun], genitive, plural, masculine

iva

[adverb]

“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

śmasy < śmasi < vaś

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“desire; agree; call; care; like; love.”

ahirbudhnyo < ahirbudhnyaḥ < ahirbudhnya

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Ahirbudhnya; Shiva.”

'ja < ajaḥ < aja

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“unborn.”

ekapād < eka

[noun]

“one; single(a); alone(p); some(a); single(a); eka [word]; alone(p); excellent; each(a); some(a); one; same; alone(p); some(a); consistent; any(a); undifferentiated; disjunct.”

ekapād < pād

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“pād [word]; foot.”

uta

[adverb]

“and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”

trita < tritaḥ < trita

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Trita.”

ṛbhukṣāḥ < ṛbhukṣan

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Indra.”

savitā < savitṛ

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Savitar; sun; Surya; Savitṛ.”

cano < canaḥ < canas

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“delight.”

dadhe < dhā

[verb], singular, Perfect indicative

“put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

'pāṃ < apām < ap

[noun], genitive, plural, masculine

“water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”

napād < napāt

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“grandson; nephew; napāt [word].”

āśuhemā < āśu

[noun]

“quick; fast; immediate; agile.”

āśuhemā < hemā < heman

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“momentum.”

dhiyā < dhī

[noun], instrumental, singular, feminine

“intelligence; prayer; mind; insight; idea; hymn; purpose; art; knowledge.”

śami < _ < √_

[?]

“_”

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