Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 2.18.1
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
प्रा॒ता रथो॒ नवो॑ योजि॒ सस्नि॒श्चतु॑र्युगस्त्रिक॒शः स॒प्तर॑श्मिः । दशा॑रित्रो मनु॒ष्य॑: स्व॒र्षाः स इ॒ष्टिभि॑र्म॒तिभी॒ रंह्यो॑ भूत् ॥
प्राता रथो नवो योजि सस्निश्चतुर्युगस्त्रिकशः सप्तरश्मिः । दशारित्रो मनुष्यः स्वर्षाः स इष्टिभिर्मतिभी रंह्यो भूत् ॥
prātā ratho navo yoji sasniś caturyugas trikaśaḥ saptaraśmiḥ | daśāritro manuṣyaḥ svarṣāḥ sa iṣṭibhir matibhī raṃhyo bhūt ||
English translation:
“A laudable and pure sacrifice, has been instrumental tuted at dawn; having four pairs (of stones for bruising the Soma); three tones (of prayer); seven metres, and ten vessels; beneficial to man, conferring heaven, and sanctifiable with solemn rites and praises.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
A laudable and pure sacrifice: prāta ratho navo yoji ratho ranhaṇād yajñaḥ: the word ratha, as derived from ranh., to ho = worship, sacrifice; as a chariot, it has been harnessed, ayoji; provided with four yokes, catur yuga; three whips, trikaṣa; seven reins, saptaraśmi; and ten sides or faces, daśa aritra; such a figurative chariot is a conveyance to svarga, applicable to yajña,, sacrifice
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gṛtsamadaḥ śaunakaḥ [gṛtsamada śaunaka];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): paṅktiḥ ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
प्रा॒तरिति॑ । रथः॑ । नवः॑ । यो॒जि॒ । सस्निः॑ । चतुः॑ऽयुगः । त्रिऽक॒शः । स॒प्तऽर॑श्मिः । दश॑ऽअरित्रः । म॒नु॒ष्यः॑ । स्वः॒ऽसाः । सः । इ॒ष्टिऽभिः॑ । म॒तिऽभिः॑ । रंह्यः॑ । भू॒त् ॥
प्रातरिति । रथः । नवः । योजि । सस्निः । चतुःयुगः । त्रिकशः । सप्तरश्मिः । दशअरित्रः । मनुष्यः । स्वःसाः । सः । इष्टिभिः । मतिभिः । रंह्यः । भूत् ॥
prātariti | rathaḥ | navaḥ | yoji | sasniḥ | catuḥ-yugaḥ | tri-kaśaḥ | sapta-raśmiḥ | daśa-aritraḥ | manuṣyaḥ | svaḥ-sāḥ | saḥ | iṣṭi-bhiḥ | mati-bhiḥ | raṃhyaḥ | bhūt
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 2.18.1 English analysis of grammar]
[adverb]
“at dawn; early.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“new; fresh; young; matutinal; recent; nava [word]; modern; fresh.”
[verb], singular, Aorist passive
“mix; use; endow; yoke; accompany; to practice Yoga; connect; hire; administer; compound; affect; add; concentrate; unite; join; prosecute; combine; supply; compound; attach to; appoint; fill; process; mobilize; mount; complement; eat; join; treat; coincide; affect; challenge.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“victorious.”
[noun]
“four; catur [word].”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Yuga; yoke; couple; coevals; generation; lustrum; two; pair; yuga [word]; Yuga; race.”
[noun]
“three; tri/tisṛ [word].”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“whip.”
[noun]
“seven; seventh.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“beam; rein; sunbeam; shininess; cord.”
[noun]
“ten; tenth; daśan [word].”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“oar.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“human.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
“yajña; offering; brick.”
[noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
“intelligence; decision; mind; hymn; purpose; idea; opinion; belief; desire; wish; conviction; plan; devotion.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“rush.”
[verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
“become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”