Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 2.2.3
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
तं दे॒वा बु॒ध्ने रज॑सः सु॒दंस॑सं दि॒वस्पृ॑थि॒व्योर॑र॒तिं न्ये॑रिरे । रथ॑मिव॒ वेद्यं॑ शु॒क्रशो॑चिषम॒ग्निं मि॒त्रं न क्षि॒तिषु॑ प्र॒शंस्य॑म् ॥
तं देवा बुध्ने रजसः सुदंससं दिवस्पृथिव्योररतिं न्येरिरे । रथमिव वेद्यं शुक्रशोचिषमग्निं मित्रं न क्षितिषु प्रशंस्यम् ॥
taṃ devā budhne rajasaḥ sudaṃsasaṃ divaspṛthivyor aratiṃ ny erire | ratham iva vedyaṃ śukraśociṣam agnim mitraṃ na kṣitiṣu praśaṃsyam ||
English translation:
“The gods have stationed at the root of the world, that Agni who is of goodly appearance; the pervader of heaven and earth; who is to be known as a car (to convey men to their wishes); who shines with pure radiance, and who is to be honoured as a friend among mankind.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
At the root of the world: budhne rajasaḥ lokasya mūle, i.e. the altar
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gṛtsamadaḥ śaunakaḥ [gṛtsamada śaunaka];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): bhuriktriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
तं । दे॒वाः । बु॒ध्ने । रज॑सः । सु॒ऽदंस॑सम् । दि॒वःपृ॑थि॒व्योः । अ॒र॒तिम् । नि । ए॒रि॒रे॒ । रथ॑म्ऽइव । वेद्य॑म् । शु॒क्रऽशो॑चिषम् । अ॒ग्निम् । मि॒त्रम् । न । क्षि॒तिषु॑ । प्र॒ऽशंस्य॑म् ॥
तं । देवाः । बुध्ने । रजसः । सुदंससम् । दिवःपृथिव्योः । अरतिम् । नि । एरिरे । रथम्इव । वेद्यम् । शुक्रशोचिषम् । अग्निम् । मित्रम् । न । क्षितिषु । प्रशंस्यम् ॥
taṃ | devāḥ | budhne | rajasaḥ | su-daṃsasam | divaḥpṛthivyoḥ | aratim | ni | er ire | ratham-iva | vedyam | śukra-śociṣam | agnim | mitram | na | kṣitiṣu | pra-śaṃsyam
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 2.2.3 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[noun], locative, singular, masculine
“bottom; bottom; base.”
[noun], genitive, singular, neuter
“powder; menorrhea; dust; Rajas; atmosphere; rajas; pollen; passion; rajas [word]; sindūra; rust; tin; impurity; dark; sky.”
[adverb]
“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
[noun], genitive, dual, feminine
“heaven and earth.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“charioteer.”
[adverb]
“back; down.”
[verb], plural, Perfect indicative
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”
[adverb]
“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”
[verb noun], accusative, singular
“know; diagnose; perceive; know; accord; notice; deem; mind; learn; specify; watch; recognize; detect; call.”
[noun]
“bright; clear; white; light; pure.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“fire; flare; burn; radiance.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“friend; Mitra; mitra [word]; sun; ally.”
[adverb]
“not; like; no; na [word].”
[noun], locative, plural, feminine
“floor; Earth; earth; pṛthivī; people; dwelling; battlefield; Earth; estate; colony; house.”
[verb noun], accusative, singular
“recommend; approve; praise; laud; favor; proclaim.”