Ushna, Uṣṇa, Uṣṇā: 28 definitions

Introduction
In Hinduism
1. Ayurveda
2. Purana
3. Jyotisha
In Buddhism
1. Mahayana
In Jainism
1. General definition
Languages
1. Marathi
2. Sanskrit
3. Hindi
4. Kannada
See also
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Introduction:

Ushna means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

The Sanskrit terms Uṣṇa and Uṣṇā can be transliterated into English as Usna or Ushna, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).

Alternative spellings of this word include Ushn.

In Hinduism

Ayurveda (science of life)

Nighantu (Synonyms and Characteristics of Drugs and technical terms)

Source: Wisdom Library: Raj Nighantu

Uṣṇa (उष्ण, “hot”) refers to one of the eight kinds of Vīrya (potency), representing characteristics of medicinal drugs, according to the second chapter (dharaṇyādi-varga) of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or Rājanighaṇṭu (an Ayurvedic encyclopedia). Accordingly, “the rasa, vīrya and vipāka of the drugs should be noted (studied) carefully. [...] By vīrya [eg., Uṣṇa], the working capacity and potency is meant”.

Source: WorldCat: Rāj nighaṇṭu

Uṣṇā (उष्णा) is another name for Pippalī, a medicinal plant identified with Piper longum Linn. or “Indian long pepper” from the Piperaceae or ‘pepper’ family of flowering plants, according to verse 6.11-13 of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or Rājanighaṇṭu. The sixth chapter (pippalyādi-varga) of this book enumerates ninety-five varieties of plants obtained from the market (paṇyauṣadhi). Together with the names Uṣṇā and Pippalī, there are a total of nineteen Sanskrit synonyms identified for this plant.

Dietetics and Culinary Art (such as household cooking)

Source: Shodhganga: Dietetics and culinary art in ancient and medieval India

Uṣṇa (उष्ण) refers to “hot” (in taste) and represents a particular dietetic effect according to the 17th century Bhojanakutūhala (dravyaguṇāguṇa-kathana), and is commonly found in literature dealing with the topics of dietetics and culinary art, also known as Pākaśāstra or Pākakalā.—Accordingly, the dietetic effect uṣṇa is associated with the following conditions: Food utensils made of brass (paittala-pātra) and Food-utensils made of Hastikarṇīpatra (coral tree leaf).

Kalpa (Formulas, Drug prescriptions and other Medicinal preparations)

Source: Shodhganga: Edition translation and critical study of yogasarasamgraha

1) Uṣṇa (उष्ण) refers to “warmth” and is one of the various diseases mentioned in the 15th-century Yogasārasaṅgraha (Yogasara-saṅgraha) by Vāsudeva: an unpublished Keralite work representing an Ayurvedic compendium of medicinal recipes. The Yogasārasaṃgraha [mentioning uṣṇa] deals with entire recipes in the route of administration, and thus deals with the knowledge of pharmacy (bhaiṣajya-kalpanā) which is a branch of pharmacology (dravyaguṇa).

2) Uṣṇa (उष्ण) refers to “summer”, as mentioned in verse 5.29-31 of the Aṣṭāṅgahṛdayasaṃhitā .—Accordingly, “[...] Of sour digestion and taste, constipating, heavy, (and) warming (are) curds [viz., dadhi]; Never shall one take them at night, never warm, (and) not in spring, summer, and autumn [viz., vasatna-uṣṇa-śarad] (in any other season) not without mung-bean soup nor without honey nor without ghee and sugar nor without emblic myrobalans, also not continuously and not slightly unfinished”.

Toxicology (Study and Treatment of poison)

Source: Shodhganga: Kasyapa Samhita—Text on Visha Chikitsa

Uṣṇa (उष्ण) refers to one of the sixteen varieties of Maṇḍalī snakes, according to the Kāśyapa Saṃhitā: an ancient Sanskrit text from the Pāñcarātra tradition dealing with both Tantra and Viṣacikitsā—an important topic from Āyurveda which deals with the study of Toxicology (Viṣavidyā or Sarpavidyā).—Kāśyapa sources his antidotes from a multitude plants, a few minerals, salts and animal products available in nature. All these plants fall under various groups called gaṇas, as pronounced by the Ayurvedic Nigaṇṭus.

Symptoms of Uṣṇa snake-bite: Pitta predominates causing profuse sweating, hiccup and unconciousness

Treatment of Uṣṇa snake-bite: A drink prepared from butter, curd, salt, honey and Kaṭutraya is the generic treatment for Maṇḍalī snakes. Cooked Kadamba mixed with ghee and water must be consumed. White sesame also helps in alleviating this poison. Paste made out of ginger, pepper, long pepper, and salt in equal measures mixed with butter , when applied , forms an efficacious antidote.

Unclassified Ayurveda definitions

Source: Wisdom Library: Āyurveda and botany

1) Uṣṇa (उष्ण, “warm”).—One of the twenty Gurvādiguṇa, or, ‘ten opposing pairs of qualities of drugs’.—Uṣṇa is the characteristic of a drug referring to the ‘warmness’, while its opposing quality, Śīta, refers to its ‘coldness’. It is a Sanskrit technical term from Āyurveda (Indian medicine) and used in literature such the Caraka-saṃhitā and the Suśruta-saṃhitā.

The quality of Uṣṇa, present in drugs and herbs, increases the Pitta (bodily humour in control of digestion and metabolism), while it aggrevates the Vāta (bodily humour in control of motion and the nervous system) and the Kapha (bodily fluids, or ‘phlegm’). It exhibits a predominant presence of the elements Fire (agni).

2) Uṣṇa (उष्ण):—A Sanskrit technical term referring to the rise in body temperature , and is used throughout Ayurvedic literature such as the Caraka-saṃhitā and the Suśruta-saṃhitā. Uṣṇa is a symptom (rūpa) considered to be due to involvement of pitta-doṣa (aggravated pitta).

Source: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of terms

Uṣṇa (उष्ण):—Heat / hotness; one of the 20 gurvadi gunas; caused due to activated agni mahabhuta; denotes physiological & pharmacological hotness; manifested by increased agni, improved apetite & digestion, increased motion in channels, pacifies vata, kapha, increases pitta. An attribute of Pitta.

Source: National Mission for Manuscripts: Traditional Medicine System in India

Uṣṇa (उष्ण, “hot”) and Hima or Śīta (“cold”) refers to one of the ten counterpart-couples of the twenty Śārīraguṇa (or Gurvādiguṇa), which refers to the “twenty qualities of the body”—where guṇa (property) represents one of the six divisions of dravya (drugs).—Śārīraka-guṇas are twenty in number. There are ten guṇas with their opposite guṇas. [...] Hima (“cold”) has the predominant bhūta (element) of water and the associated actions of “cooling/stambhana”; while Uṣṇa (“hot”) has the predominant bhūta (element) of agni and is associated with the action “healing/svedana”.

context information

Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

1a) Uṣṇa (उष्ण).—A son of Dyutimat, with his kingdom by name Uṣṇa.^*

* Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 14. 22 and 25; Vāyu-purāṇa 33. 21-22; Viṣṇu-purāṇa II. 4. 48.

1b) A region of Krauñcadvīpa.^*

* Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 19. 72; Matsya-purāṇa 122. 85; Vāyu-purāṇa 49. 66.

1c) The son of Nirvaktra.^*

* Vāyu-purāṇa 99. 272.

1d) The son of Nicaknu and father of Vicitraratha.^*

* Viṣṇu-purāṇa IV. 21. 9-10.

2) Uṣṇā (उष्णा).—A Kalā that gives energy to Agni.^*

* Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa IV. 35. 83.

context information

The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)

Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by Varahamihira

Uṣṇa (उष्ण) refers to one of the five courses of Mars (bhaumacāra), according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 6), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “The retrograde motion of Mars [i.e., bhauma] is of five kinds [i.e., uṣṇa]. [...] If the Mars should begin to retrograde from the 7th, 8th or 9th constellation from that in which he reappears after his conjunction with the Sun, persons who live by fire will be afflicted with disease”.

context information

Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

In Buddhism

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra

Uṣṇa (उष्ण) refers to “(the outer suffering of) the heat”, as mentioned in the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra chapter XXXI in the section called “four foundations of mindfulness (smṛtyupasthāna)”.—Accordingly:—“[...] there are two kinds of suffering (duḥkha): inner suffering and outer suffering. [...] Outer suffering (bāhyaduḥkha) is of two types: i) the king (rājan), the victorious enemy (vijetṛ), the wicked thief (caura), the lion (siṃha), tiger (vyāghra), wolf (vṛka), snake (sarpa) and other nuisances (viheṭhana); ii) the wind (vāta), rain (vṛṣṭi), cold (śīta), heat (uṣṇa), thunder (meghagarjita), lightning (vidyut), thunderbolts, etc: these two kinds of suffering are outer suffering”.

Source: De Gruyter: A Buddhist Ritual Manual on Agriculture

Uṣṇa (उष्ण) refers to “heat-waves”, according to the Vajratuṇḍasamayakalparāja, an ancient Buddhist ritual manual on agriculture from the 5th-century (or earlier), containing various instructions for the Sangha to provide agriculture-related services to laypeople including rain-making, weather control and crop protection.—Accordingly, [after as the four great kings said to the Bhagavān], “[...] Let the Bhagavān utter such mantrapadas which deliver the world under destruction by various sorts of misfortune in the last time, in the last age, which eliminate excessive rain, drought, thunderbolts, cold spells and heatwaves (śīta-uṣṇa), which alleviate, ward off and protect from famine and calamities. Utter the dhāraṇī-mantrapadas”.

context information

Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

Source: archive.org: Trisastisalakapurusacaritra

Uṣṇa (उष्ण, “heat”) refers to one of the hardships (parīṣaha), or “series of trials hard to endure” according to the Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra 10.1 (Incarnation as Nandana). While practicing penance for a lac of years, Muni Nandana also endured a series of trials hard to endure (e.g., uṣṇa). Nandana is the name of a king as well as one of Mahāvīra’s previous births.

Source: Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha Sutra 2: the Category of the living

Uṣṇa (उष्ण, “hot”) refers to a category of yoni (nuclei), according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra 2.32.—The place of birth of a living being is called nucleus (nuclei is the plural). The nucleus is like a container. There are nine nuclei (yoni), eg., uṣṇa. What is the meaning of hot and cold nuclei? The nuclei which are cold or hot are called cold and hot nuclei respectively.

What types of living beings have cold (śīta), hot (uṣṇa) and mixed (miśra) hot and cold nuclei? Some have cold, hot or mixed nuclei. The celestial and infernal beings have cold or hot and cold-hot nuclei. Those with hot body (fire body) take their rise from hot nuclei. Those who possess their body of heat have hot nuclei. All others, besides celestial, infernal and fire body have mixed or cold-hot nuclei.

Source: Encyclopedia of Jainism: Tattvartha Sutra 8: Bondage of karmas

Uṣṇa (उष्ण, “heavy”) refers to one of the eight types of Sparśa (touch), representing one of the various kinds of Nāma, or “physique-making (karmas)”, which represents one of the eight types of Prakṛti-bandha (species bondage): one of the four kinds of bondage (bandha) according to the 2nd-century Tattvārthasūtra chapter 8. The karmas rise of which gives the touch attribute to the body are called touch (sparśa) body-making karma (e.g., uṣṇa).

Source: academia.edu: Tessitori Collection I

Uṣṇa (उष्ण, “heat”) refers to one of the various “sufferings inherent to the hells (naraka)”, according to Rājasoma’s “Naraka ko coḍhālyo”, which is included in the collection of manuscripts at the ‘Vincenzo Joppi’ library, collected by Luigi Pio Tessitori during his visit to Rajasthan between 1914 and 1919.—No name of any source is given in the text but the three stages followed in the exposition correspond closely to those found in a handbook such as Nemicandrasūri’s Pravacanasāroddhāra, [e.g.,] 1) sufferings inherent to the hells (up to 2r): heat (uṣṇa), cold (sīta), hunger (kṣudhā), thirst (tṛṣā), itching caused by knives (churī), bad smell, internal burning, fear of coming dangers known through avadhi or vibhaṅga knowledges, sorrow.

context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

uṣṇa (उष्ण).—a (S) Hot or warm. 2 Heating--articles of food &c. 3 fig. Ardent, impetuous, vehement, fiery.

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uṣṇa (उष्ण).—n (S) Heat (as of the sun or weather). 2 also uṣṇatā f (S) Morbid heat in the system.

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uṣṇā (उष्णा).—& uṣṇēvāṇa See usanā & usanēvāṇa.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

uṣṇa (उष्ण).—a Hot. Heating. Fig. Ardent. n Heat.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Uṣṇa (उष्ण).—a. [uṣ-nak Uṇādi-sūtra 3.2.]

1) Hot, warm; °अंशुः, °करः (aṃśuḥ, °karaḥ) &c.

2) Sharp, strict, active; आददे नातिशीतोष्णो नभस्वानिव दक्षिणः (ādade nātiśītoṣṇo nabhasvāniva dakṣiṇaḥ); R.4.8 (where uṣṇa has sense

1) also).

3) Pungent, acrid (as a rasa).

4) Clever, sharp.

5) Choleric, warm, passionate.

-ṣṇaḥ, -ṣṇam 1 Heat, warmth.

2) The hot season (grīṣma); उष्णे वर्षति शीते वा मारुते वाति वा भृशम् । न कुर्वितात्मनस्त्राणं गोरकृत्वा तु शक्तितः (uṣṇe varṣati śīte vā mārute vāti vā bhṛśam | na kurvitātmanastrāṇaṃ gorakṛtvā tu śaktitaḥ) || Manusmṛti 11.113.

3) Sunshine.

4) A deep or feverish sigh. तप्यमानामिवोष्णेन मृणालीमचिरोद्धृताम् (tapyamānāmivoṣṇena mṛṇālīmaciroddhṛtām) Rām.5.19.17.

5) Sorrow, distress (of separation, bereavement &c.); उष्णार्दितां (uṣṇārditāṃ) (nīlakaṇṭhīmiva) Rām.5.5.25.

-ṣṇaḥ An onion.

-ṣṇā 1 Warmth, heat.

2) Consumption.

3) Bile. शीतोष्णे चैव वायुश्च त्रयः शारीरजाः गुणाः (śītoṣṇe caiva vāyuśca trayaḥ śārīrajāḥ guṇāḥ) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 12.16.11. °अङ्गत्वम्, °मलत्वम् (aṅgatvam, °malatvam) Bile, disease.

--- OR ---

Uṣṇa (उष्ण).—see under उष् (uṣ).

See also (synonyms): uṣṇaka, uṣman.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Uṣṇa (उष्ण).—i. e. uṣ + na, I. adj., f. ṇā, Hot, [Vedāntasāra, (in my Chrestomathy.)] in Chr. 203, 17. Ii. m. and n. The hot season, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 11, 113.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Uṣṇa (उष्ण).—[feminine] ā (ī) hot, warm, [neuter] heat, warmth, the hot season.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Uṣṇa (उष्ण):—[from uṣ] mf(ā, rarely ī)n. ([Uṇādi-sūtra iii, 2]) hot, warm

2) [v.s. ...] ardent, passionate, impetuous, [Ṛg-veda x, 4, 2; Atharva-veda vi, 68, 1; viii, 9, 17; Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa; Chāndogya-upaniṣad; Suśruta; Manu-smṛti] etc.

3) [v.s. ...] pungent, acrid

4) [v.s. ...] sharp, active, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

5) [v.s. ...] m. onion, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

6) [v.s. ...] Name of a man, [Viṣṇu-purāṇa]

7) [v.s. ...] mn. heat, warmth, the hot season (June, July), [Manu-smṛti xi, 113; Śakuntalā; Daśakumāra-carita] etc.

8) [v.s. ...] any hot object, [Mahābhārata]

9) [v.s. ...] Name of certain positions in the retrograde motion of the planet Mars, [Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā]

10) [v.s. ...] Name of a Varṣa, [Viṣṇu-purāṇa]

11) Uṣṇā (उष्णा):—[from uṣṇa > uṣ] f. heat, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

12) [v.s. ...] consumption, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

13) [v.s. ...] bile, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

14) [v.s. ...] Name of a plant, [Nighaṇṭuprakāśa]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Uṣṇa (उष्ण):—(ṣṇaḥ) a. Hot, pungent, sharp, active. m. The hot season. f. ṣṇā Consumption; bile.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Uṣṇa (उष्ण) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Uṇha, Usiṇa.

[Sanskrit to German]

Ushna in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Hindi dictionary

Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

Uṣṇa (उष्ण) [Also spelled ushn]:—(a) hot; warm; —[kaṭibaṃdha] tropical region or belt, tropics; ~[tā] warmth, heat.

context information

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Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Uṣṇa (ಉಷ್ಣ):—

1) [noun] heat a) the quality of being hot; hotness; b) (phys.) a form of energy existing as the result of the random motion of molecules and transferred between bodies as a result of their temperature difference.

2) [noun] a sharp, active man.

3) [noun] much hotness; great warmth (as in the atmosphere).

4) [noun] the warmest season of the year; summer.

5) [noun] ಉಷ್ಣದ ಯಾಂತ್ರಿಕ ಸಾಮ್ಯ [ushnada yamtrika samya] uṣṇada yāntrika sāmya the conversion factor between heat energy and mechanical energy; mechanical equivalent of heat.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

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