In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

Source: archive.org: Jaina Yoga

Tatpratirūpakavyavahāra (तत्प्रतिरूपकव्यवहार) refers to “substitution of inferior commodities” and represents one of the transgressions (aticāra) of the Asteya-vrata (vow of not stealing).—Siddhasena (in his commentary on the Tattvārtha-sūtra verse 7.22) following the Tattvārtha-bhāṣya, understands tat-pratirūpaka-vyavahāra as the counterfeiting of gold, silver, brass, copper, oil, ghee, milk, or curds with materials that resemble them in colour, weight, and other properties, as well as the use of fraudulent devices in trading. As an example of these, it is mentioned that when cattle are stolen the shape of their horns can be changed at will if these are fomented with stewed kaliṅgi fruits; otherwise they would be too easily recognizable to be keptor sold.

According to Haribhadra (in his commentary on the Āvaśyaka-sūtra) this aticāra is no more than the adulteration of commodities such as mixing palañji with rice, or fat with ghee. Other Śvetāmbara authorities take the same view. Siddhasena Sūri (who gives to this aticāra the name of saḍṛśa-yuti) and Hemacandra (Hemacandra, in his Yogaśāstra verse 3.92) mention amongst other substances mixed with,or substituted for, more valuable ones: khādira resin for asafoetida, and urine for oil. Hemacandra considers that this aticāra may referto methods of vyāji-karaṇa such as deforming the horns of cattle.

For the Digambaras (see Cāmuṇḍarāya’s Caritrasāra p. 6) it implies “fraudulent trading in factitious gold and similar commodities”, or more specifically in a later text the Praśnottara-śrāvakācāra (verse 14.27) “coining false money” but as onother points here again Āśādhara’s views belong with the Śvetāmbaras. Like the preceding aticāra (viz., kūṭatulakūṭamāna) this offence can be held to be a bhaṅga because people are deprived of their property by false pretences but at the same time not a bhaṅga because what is involved is in fact just a commercial transaction.

context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

See also (Relevant definitions)

Partial matches: Pratirupaka, Vyavahara, Tat.

Full-text: Asteyavrata.

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