Suvarna, Suvarṇā, Suvarṇa: 44 definitions

Introduction
In Hinduism
1. Shaivism
2. Ayurveda
3. Purana
4. Shilpashastra
5. Kavya
6. Jyotisha
7. Gitashastra
8. General definition
In Buddhism
1. Mahayana
2. Tibetan Buddhism
In Jainism
1. General definition
India history
Biology
Languages
1. Marathi
2. Sanskrit
3. Hindi
4. Kannada
See also
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Introduction:

Suvarna means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, Hindi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

Alternative spellings of this word include Suvarn.

In Hinduism

Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

Source: Wisdom Library: Kubjikāmata-tantra

Suvarṇā (हिरण्या, “golden”):—One of the nine Dūtī presided over by one of the nine bhaivaravas named Yogeśa (emanation of Ananta, who is the central presiding deity of Dūtīcakra), according to the Kubjikāmata-tantra and the Ṣaṭsāhasrasaṃhitā.

Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions

Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण) refers to “gold”, according to the Guhyasūtra chapter 3.—Accordingly, “[...] [Using the mantra] ‘oṃ namo vāyupathacāriṇe amitagatiparākramāya vimale kulu kulu svāhā’, [and taking] arsenic, gold (suvarṇa-dhātu) [and?] a mineral, …, ground up with pig fat/marrow, over which one has recited [the navātman] 1000 times, he should smear [the mixture] on his feet/legs, while once again reciting the navātman: he will travel 200 yojanās unwearied!”.

context information

Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

Ayurveda (science of life)

Rasashastra (Alchemy and Herbo-Mineral preparations)

Source: Wisdom Library: Rasa-śāstra

Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण, “Gold”) is the name for a variation of ‘metal’ (dhātu/loha) from the sub-group named Śuddhaloha, according to the Rasaprakāśasudhākara: a 13th century Sanskrit book on Indian alchemy, or, Rasaśāstra. It is also known by its synonym Svarṇa.

Gold has 2 variations on its own:

Rasaja (obtained through mercurial transformation),
Khanija (obtained though mines/minerals)

Source: Indian Journal of History of Science: Rasaprakāśa-sudhākara, chapter 4-5

Gold (Suvarṇa) are of two types:

Rasaja (through mercurial transformation)
and Khanija (through mines-mineral).

There are three other varities of gold as per other texts but these are notmentioned here.

This gold-bhasma when used internally certainly improves complexion or the beauty of the body. Destroys daivakṛta-rogas (small pox, kuṣṭha, etc.) and all the tridoṣajanya diseases. And the man who uses it continuously for twenty years never becomes old, but rather remains always youthful. And for such persons the chances of being affected of garaviṣa and the manifestation or the onset of āgantuka-rogas are not there. That means these will not become affected with the effects of garaviṣa and āgantuka-rogas.

Nighantu (Synonyms and Characteristics of Drugs and technical terms)

Source: WorldCat: Rāj nighaṇṭu

1) Suvarṇā (सुवर्णा) is another name for Indravāruṇī, a medicinal plant identified with Citrullus colocynthis (colocynth, bitter apple or desert gourd) from the Cucurbitaceae or “gourd family” of flowering plants, according to verse 3.70-72 of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or Rājanighaṇṭu. The third chapter (guḍūcyādi-varga) of this book contains climbers and creepers (vīrudh). Together with the names Suvarṇā and Indravāruṇī, there are a total of twenty-nine Sanskrit synonyms identified for this plant.

2) Suvarṇā (सुवर्णा) is also mentioned as a synonym for Svarṇakṣīrī, an unidentified medicinal plant, according to verse 5.55-56. The fifth chapter (parpaṭādi-varga) of this book enumerates sixty varieties of smaller plants (kṣudra-kṣupa). Together with the names Suvarṇā and Svarṇakṣīrī, there are a total of eight Sanskrit synonyms identified for this plant.

Agriculture (Krishi) and Vrikshayurveda (study of Plant life)

Source: Shodhganga: Drumavichitrikarnam—Plant mutagenesis in ancient India

Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण) refers to “golden-colored (fruits)” which were created using a recipe for manipulating the colour of fruits, according to the Vṛkṣāyurveda by Sūrapāla (1000 CE): an encyclopedic work dealing with the study of trees and the principles of ancient Indian agriculture.—Accordingly, “Trees watered after being sprinkled at the root with the mixture of Indigofera tinctoria, Curcuma longa, Symplocos racemosa, Emblica officinalis, Terminalia arjuna and Terminalia chebula, Sesamum indicum, Pterocarpus marsupium, Ferri sulphas and Glycyrrhiza glabra—all powdered together produce fruits of golden colour (suvarṇa-varṇa)”.

Unclassified Ayurveda definitions

Source: gurumukhi.ru: Ayurveda glossary of terms

Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण):—1. A unit of Measurement; Synonym of one karsha = 12 g of metric units 2. synonym of gold

context information

Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

1) Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण).—A Devagandharva. A famous celibate, he attended the birthday celebrations of Arjuna. (Anuśāsana Parva, Chapter 122, Verse 58).

2) Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण).—A Brahmin sage with his body golden in colour. He once held a talk with Manu about meritorious acts and sins. (Anuśāsana Parva, Chapter 98).

3) Suvarṇā (सुवर्णा).—A princess of the Ikṣvāku dynasty. Suhotra of Pūru dynasty wedded her and to the couple was born a son called Hasti who later on became a King. (Ādi Parva, Chapter 95, Verse 34).

4) Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण).—A unit of measurement in ancient India

Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण) refers to “gold”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.8.—Accordingly, Nārada said to Himavat:—“[..] O lord of mountains, Śiva will become Ardhanārīśvara (half male and half female), with your daughter forming half the part of your body. Their meeting once again will be delightful. After propitiating lord Śiva, the lord of all, by the power of her penance, your daughter will take away half the body of Śiva. By propitating Śiva with her penance she will acquire the lustre of gold [i.e., suvarṇa-ābhā] and will be known as Svarṇagaurī. Your daughter will be as fair-complexioned as lightning. [...]”.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

1a) Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण).—A son of Sāvarṇi Manu.^*

* Matsya-purāṇa 9. 33.

1b) Fire, the presiding deity of.^*

* Viṣṇu-purāṇa V. 1. 14.

1c) A gold coin; a fine of 100 Suvarṇas for one who, having been paid a wage does not protect the cow or milks it or uses it; besides he is liable to be bound by iron chains and made to work for his master.^*

* Matsya-purāṇa 227. 8, 22, 122.

2a) Suvarṇā (सुवर्णा).—A river of the Bhadrā country.^*

* Vāyu-purāṇa 43. 27.

2b) A R. of the Ketumālā country.^*

* Vāyu-purāṇa 44. 29.

Source: JatLand: List of Mahabharata people and places

Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. III.82.16) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Suvarṇa) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.

context information

The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Shilpashastra (iconography)

Source: archive.org: Illustrations of Indian Music and Dance in Western Indian Style

Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण) refers to one of the forty-seven tānas (tone) used in Indian music.—The illustration of Suvarṇa (as a deity) according to 15th-century Indian art is as follows.—The colour of his body is yellow. His face is similar to the face of a bull. A bowl is in his right band and a viṇā is in his left hand.

The illustrations (of, for example Suvarṇa) are found scattered throughout ancient Jain manuscripts from Gujarat. The descriptions of these illustrations of this citrāvalī are based on the ślokas of Vācanācārya Gaṇi Sudhākalaśa’s Saṅgītopaniṣatsāroddhāra (14^th century) and Śārṅgadeva’s Saṅgītaratnākara (13^th century).

context information

Shilpashastra (शिल्पशास्त्र, śilpaśāstra) represents the ancient Indian science (shastra) of creative arts (shilpa) such as sculpture, iconography and painting. Closely related to Vastushastra (architecture), they often share the same literature.

Kavya (poetry)

Source: Wisdom Library: Kathāsaritsāgara

1) Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण) is the name of a warrior who fought on Śrutaśarman’s side, but was slain by Śatānīka, who fought on Sūryaprabha’s side, according to the Kathāsaritsāgara, chapter 48. Accordingly: “... then a fight took place between those Vidyādhara princes on the one side and Prabhāsa and his comrades on the other, in which there was a great slaughter of soldiers. And in the single combats between the two hosts many warriors were slain on both sides, men, Asuras and Vidyādharas... and Suvarṇa, [and nine others]—these ten were slain by the Prince Śatānīka”.

The story of Suvarṇa was narrated by the Vidyādhara king Vajraprabha to prince Naravāhanadatta in order to relate how “Sūryaprabha, being a man, obtain of old time the sovereignty over the Vidyādharas”.

2) Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण) or Suvarṇadvīpa is the name of an island (dvīpa) according to the Kathāsaritsāgara, chapter 56. Accordingly, “... there he [Candrasvāmin] heard that the merchant Kanakavarman had gone from that island to an island named Karpūra. In the same way he visited in turn the islands of Karpūra, Suvarṇa and Siṃhala with merchants, hut he did not find the merchant whom he was in search of”.

The Kathāsaritsāgara (‘ocean of streams of story’), mentioning Suvarṇa, is a famous Sanskrit epic story revolving around prince Naravāhanadatta and his quest to become the emperor of the vidyādharas (celestial beings). The work is said to have been an adaptation of Guṇāḍhya’s Bṛhatkathā consisting of 100,000 verses, which in turn is part of a larger work containing 700,000 verses.

context information

Kavya (काव्य, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’.

Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)

Source: Google Books: Studies in the History of the Exact Sciences (Astronomy)

1) Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण) refers to the “gold” (metal used to produce ghaṭikā-yantra vessels), according to Bhāskara’s commentary on the Āryabhaṭīya.—Accordingly, “'How then is the one-sixtieth part of a nychthemeron to be determined?’ To this question, [the following] has to be said. In this connection some say: ‘The Ghaṭikā-yantra is a vessel [made out] of one of the metals like gold, silver or copper [i.e., suvarṇa-rajata-tāmra], hemispherical in shape (lit. semicircular), which holds (dhāraka) sixty palas of water and which is filled with or discharges [the same amount of water]’ [...]”.

2) Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण) refers to a unit of measurement equaling four kuḍavas, according to Kāśīnātha Upādhye’s Dharmasindhu, a commentary on the Rāma Daivajña’s Muhūrtacintāmaṇi (an astrological work).—Accordingly, “[...] Thus it has has been said in the third Skandha of the sacred Bhāgavata. Its meaning is [as follows]. Eighty guñjas make one karṣa. The same has the designation of suvarṇa. Four karṣas are one pala. Thus, a vessel should be made of six palas of copper; it should be pierced at the base by means of a needle made of twenty guñjas’ weight of gold and four aṅgulas in length. Through this perforation, by the time a prastha measure of water enters, that bowl sinks in the water, because of the prastha measure of water that filled it. Then that vessel becomes the standard measure for the period of one ghaṭī. There the unit of one prastha contains sixteen palas. [...]”.

context information

Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

Gitashastra (science of music)

Source: Shodhganga: Elements of Art and Architecture in the Trtiyakhanda of the Visnudharmottarapurana (gita)

Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण) refers to one of the Forty-nine kinds of Tānas (in Indian music), according to the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa, an ancient Sanskrit text which (being encyclopedic in nature) deals with a variety of cultural topics such as arts, architecture, music, grammar and astronomy.—Tāna refers to “that which spreads” (being dependent on mūrcchanā), according to the Nāṭyaśāstra. In the Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa, only forty nine kinds of tānas are accepted under three grāmas viz., madhyama, ṣaḍja and gāndhāra. The ṣaḍjagrāma contains twenty tānas [e.g., suvarṇa].

context information

Gitashastra (गीतशास्त्र, gītaśāstra) refers to the ancient Indian science of Music (gita or samgita), which is traditionally divided in Vocal music, Instrumental music and Dance (under the jurisdiction of music). The different elements and technical terms are explained in a wide range of (often Sanskrit) literature.

General definition (in Hinduism)

Source: archive.org: Vedic index of Names and Subjects

Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण, ‘beautiful coloured’) is an epithet of gold (hiraṇya), and then comes to be used as a substantive denoting ‘gold’.

Source: WikiPedia: Hinduism

Suvarna (सुवर्ण): A soldier on the Kaurava side.

In Buddhism

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Lokottaravāda

Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण) is the name of a Buddha under whom Śākyamuni (or Gautama, ‘the historical Buddha’) acquired merit along the first through nine bhūmis, according to the Mahāvastu. There are in total ten bhūmis representing the ten stages of the Bodhisattva’s path towards enlightenment.

Suvarṇa is but one among the 500 Buddhas enumerated in the Mahāvastu during a conversation between Mahākātyāyana and Mahākāśyapa, both principle disciples of Gautama Buddha. The Mahāvastu is an important text of the Lokottaravāda school of buddhism, dating from the 2nd century BCE.

Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra

Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण, “gold”) refers to a type of jewel (ratna), into which the universe was transformed by the Buddha’s miraculous power (ṛddhibala) according to the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter XV). Accordingly, “Gold (suvarṇa) comes from rocks, sand and red copper”.

Also, “These jewels (eg, suvarṇa) are of three types, Human jewels (manuṣya-ratna), Divine jewels (divya-ratna) and Bodhisattva jewels (bodhisattva-ratna). These various jewels remove the poverty (dāridrya) and the suffering (duḥkha) of beings”.

Source: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā

Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण) refers to “gold” (i.e., a type of jewel or precious metal), according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly: “[...] Then the Bodhisattva Ratnavyūha said to the Bodhisattva Gaganagañja: ‘Son of good family, please pour down rain of all kinds of jewels from the sky’. Immediately after his words, the great rain of immeasurable, incalculable amount of jewels, equal to Mount Sumeru in size, with various kinds of names and colors, poured down from ten directions. To wit, gold (suvarṇa), silver, crystal, lapis lazuli, emerald, ruby, white coral, Śrīgarbha gem, stainless jewel, red coral gem, moonstone, sunstone, illuminating gem, brightening gem, Jambū-light gem, fire-light gem, [...]”.

Source: De Gruyter: A Buddhist Ritual Manual on Agriculture

Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण) refers to “gold”, according to the Vajratuṇḍasamayakalparāja, an ancient Buddhist ritual manual on agriculture from the 5th-century (or earlier), containing various instructions for the Sangha to provide agriculture-related services to laypeople including rain-making, weather control and crop protection.—Accordingly, “Now the Bhagavān was residing in the abode of Brahmā. [...] [There was] the Garuḍa Lord, the Great King, the one with golden wings, the one with a Vajra Beak, the magnanimous one, the one with a blazing body, the wrathful one, the one of frightful power. He was adorned with various wonderful gems, pearls and gold (suvarṇa). [...]”.

context information

Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (tantric Buddhism)

Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण) refers to “gold” (offerings), according to the Bhūśalyasūtrapātananimittavidhi section of Jagaddarpaṇa’s Ācāryakriyāsamuccaya, a text within Tantric Buddhism dealing with construction manual for monasteries etc.—Accordingly, “[...] Having praised [the cord] with the sounds of a bell, auspicious song, conch shell, and bamboo flute, the donor should offer guest water [to the cord] together with jewels, gold (suvarṇa), and fragrant flowers, which are blooming and beautiful, and mixed with the juice extracted from the sprouts of the airandhrīkara”.

context information

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

Source: archive.org: Economic Life In Ancient India (as depicted in Jain canonical literature)

Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण) refers to “gold”: a metal that was typically mined, extracted and used (both domestic and industrial) in ancient India. Mining was an important industry at that time as well. The Jaina canonical texts mention about the extraction of various kinds of minerals, metals (e.g., suvarṇa) and precious stones. The term ‘āgara’ occurring intire texts denotes the mines which provided many kinds of mineral products. The references in the texts of various professions and trade in metallic commodities clearly show a highly developed industry of mining and metallurgy in that period.

Source: archive.org: Jaina Yoga

Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण, “gold”) represents one of the classes of the external (bahya) division of attachment (parigraha) and is related to the Aparigraha-vrata (vow of non-attachment). Suvarṇa is listed in Śvetāmbara sources such as Devagupta’s Nava-pada-prakaraṇa with Laghu-vṛtti (58), and in Digambara sources such Cāmuṇḍarāya’s Caritrasāra (p. 7).

There is no hesitation in the interpretation of the word suvarṇa as “gold”, for the Digambaras “unminted”, for the Śvetāmbaras “minted or unminted”.

Source: archive.org: Trisastisalakapurusacaritra

1) Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण) is the name of a mountain, according to chapter 1.2 [ādīśvara-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism. Accordingly, “[...] touching the Master’s body, the fragrant reddish-brown cloth shone like a row of twilight clouds touching the disc of the sun at dawn. The Blessed One’s body dried in this way looked like the whole of the wealth of gold collected in one place from mount Suvarṇa”.

2) Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण) refers to a unit of measurement: A suvarṇa is about 175 grains troy (MW). Jambūdvīpaprajñapti 54, p. 226a, gives a table starting with ‘madhuratṛṇaphala’ and ending with ‘suvarṇa’. According to it, one suvarṇa=10,240 madhuratṛṇaphalas. In this same table, 80 guñjas=1 suvarṇa, which would be about 175 g. t.

Source: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve Reflections

Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण) refers to “gold”, according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “A corporeal [soul] becomes pure like gold (suvarṇavat) immediately karma, whose existence is without a beginning and which is completely consumed by the fire of meditation, is destroyed”.

Source: Singhi Jain Series: Ratnaprabha-suri’s Kuvalayamala-katha

Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण) (Sanskrit) (in Prakrit: Suvaṇṇa) refers to “gold (of highest purity)”, according to the 8th-century Kuvalayamālā written by Uddyotanasūri, a Prakrit Campū (similar to Kāvya poetry) narrating the love-story between Prince Candrāpīḍa and the Apsaras Kādambarī.—There is a reference to gold of highest purity (jacca-suvaṇṇa=jātya-suvarṇa). Whatever impurity or dross was contained in the gold brought to the goldsmith was removed by the latter by subjecting it to different processes of testing it on the touch-stone, cutting, heating under regulated fire, beating out into flat sheets, filing the sheets and the same process of beating it into a different shape, giving it a shape of round bar and dividing into several parts for final testing.

context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

India history and geography

Source: archive.org: Nilamata Purana: a cultural and literary study (history)

Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण) refers to an ancient coin once common in ancient Kashmir (Kaśmīra) as mentioned in the Nīlamatapurāṇa.—The Nīlamata contains a single reference to hundred Suvarṇas. The number hundred clearly indicates that the reference is to pieces of gold of a standard weight i.e. gold coins. According to Kauṭilya, a suvarṇa is equal in weight to one karṣa or 80 guñjas (=140 grains). Whether the Nīlamata refers here to gold coins of 140 grains of which no specimen has yet been found in Kaśmīra or to the gold coins of the Kuṣāṇas and the Kidār Kuṣāṇas (circa 122 grains) is not certain.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical Glossary

Suvarṇa.—(IE 8-8; EI 28; CII 3), name of a gold coin and also of a weight of gold; equal to 16 māṣas or 80 ratis; also called akṣa, picu, pāṇi, kroḍa, binduka, viḍālapadaka, haṃsapada, grāsagraha and tola. See JNSI, Vol. XVI, p. 46. (SII 13), same as Tamil kaḻañju. Note: suvarṇa is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

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Suvarṇa.—weight of 16 māṣas or 80 ratis (about 146 grains); 16 kārṣāpaṇas or rūpakas or 48 paṇas according to different authorities; called picu, pāṇi, kroḍa, binduka, viḍālapadaka, haṃsapada, grāsagraha and tola; also called niṣka; (1/4) of pala; gold coin weighing 80 ratis; name applied to Tamil kaḻañju (about 32 ratis or 58 grains theoretically). Note: suvarṇa is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.

context information

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

Biology (plants and animals)

Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)

1) Suvarna in India is the name of a plant defined with Argemone mexicana in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Echtrus mexicanus Nieuwl. (among others).

2) Suvarna is also identified with Michelia champaca It has the synonym Magnolia membranacea P. Parm. (etc.).

Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):

· Synopseos Plantarum (Persoon) (1806)
· Histoire Naturelle des Végétaux (1839)
· Systematisches Verzeichniss der im Indischen Archipel (1846)
· Nomenclator Botanicus. (1840)
· Annales Museum Botanicum Lugduno-Batavi (1868)
· Cytologia (1988)

If you are looking for specific details regarding Suvarna, for example chemical composition, diet and recipes, extract dosage, health benefits, pregnancy safety, side effects, have a look at these references.

context information

This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.

Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

suvarṇa (सुवर्ण).—n (S The good color.) Gold. 2 m n A weight of gold, equal to sixteen masha; which, at five rati to each masha, amounts nearly to 176 grains Troy.

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suvarṇa (सुवर्ण).—a (S) Of a good color: also of a good caste, tribe, family &c.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

suvarṇa (सुवर्ण).—n Gold.

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suvarṇa (सुवर्ण).—a Of a good colour. Of a good caste or family.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण).—a. [śobhano varṇo'sya]

1) Of good or beautiful colour, brilliant in hue, bright, yellow, golden.

2) Of a good tribe or caste.

3) Of good fame, glorious, celebrated.

-rṇaḥ 1 A good colour.

2) A good tribe or caste.

3) A sort of sacrifice.

4) An epithet of Śiva.

5) The thorn-apple.

-rṇā 1 One of the seven tongues of fire.

2) Black aloe-wood.

3) Turmeric.

4) Colocynth.

-rṇam 1 Gold.

2) A golden coin (-m. also); नन्वहं दशसुवर्णान् प्रयच्छामि (nanvahaṃ daśasuvarṇān prayacchāmi) Mṛcchakaṭika 2.

3) A weight of gold equal to 16 Māṣas or about 175 grains Troy (m. also).

4) Money, wealth, riches.

5) A sort of yellow sandalwood.

6) A kind of red chalk.

7) Name of a tree (nāgakeśara).

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Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण).—see s. v.

Suvarṇa is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms su and varṇa (वर्ण).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण).—m., (1) (= AMg. suvaṇṇa, Sanskrit suparṇa; compare suvarṇin), the garuḍa bird, ‘king of birds’: suvarṇa- rājāno suvarṇādhipatayo (in i.208.8 mss. suvarṇa-patayo) Mahāvastu i.208.8; 212.6 = ii.16.3; ii.164.3—4; others, Mahāvastu ii.91.13; iii.83.20; 84.5; (Ārya-)Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa 655.8 (pakṣiṇāṃ rājā); (2) name of a former Buddha: Mahāvastu i.138.6.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण).—mfn.

(-rṇaḥ-rṇā-rṇaṃ) 1. Of a good tribe or caste. 2. Brilliant, bright. 3. Of a good colour. 4. Praiseworthy. n.

(-rṇaṃ) 1. Gold. 2. A sort of Sandal-wood. 3. A kind of red chalk or ochre. 4. Wealth, property. 5. A weight of gold equal to sixteen Mashas, or about 175 grains troy. m.

(-rṇaḥ) 1. A tree, (Cassia fistula.) 2. A sort of sacrifice. f.

(-rṇā) 1. Aloe-wood, the black kind. 2. Turmeric. 3. A bitter gourd. (Colocynth.) 4. Sida, (Cordifolia, &c.) E. su excellent, varṇa tribe or colour, &c.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण).—I. adj. 1. of a good colour. 2. brilliant. 3. of a good tribe. Ii. n. 1. gold, [Pañcatantra] 191, 25. 2. wealth. Iii. m. and n. a weight of gold equal to sixteen Māṣas, i. e. about seventy-five grains Troy, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 8, 134; a sort of coin, [Pañcatantra] 134, 3. Iv. m. 1. a sort of sacrifice. 2. a tree, Cassia fistula. V. f. ṇā, the name of several plants.

Suvarṇa is a Sanskrit compound consisting of the terms su and varṇa (वर्ण).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण).—[adjective] of a beautiful colour or appearance, glittering golden; belonging to a good caste. [neuter] gold, riches; [masculine] ([neuter]) a cert. weight of gold.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Aufrecht Catalogus Catalogorum

Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण) as mentioned in Aufrecht’s Catalogus Catalogorum:—poet. [Sūktikarṇāmṛta by Śrīdharadāsa]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण):—[=su-varṇa] [from su > su-yaj] a etc. See sub voce

2) [=su-varṇa] b mf(ā)n. of a good or beautiful colour, brilliant in hue, bright, golden, yellow, [Ṛg-veda] etc. etc.

3) [v.s. ...] gold, made of gold, [Taittirīya-brāhmaṇa; Chāndogya-upaniṣad; Rāmāyaṇa]

4) [v.s. ...] of a good tribe or caste, [Mahābhārata xiii, 2607]

5) [v.s. ...] m. a good colour, [Monier-Williams’ Sanskrit-English Dictionary]

6) [v.s. ...] a good tribe or class, [ib.]

7) [v.s. ...] a kind of bdellium, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

8) [v.s. ...] the thorn-apple, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

9) [v.s. ...] a kind of metre, [Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā [Scholiast or Commentator]]

10) [v.s. ...] Name of a Deva-gandharva, [Mahābhārata]

11) [v.s. ...] of an ascetic, [ib.]

12) [v.s. ...] of a minister of Daśa-ratha, [Rāmāyaṇa]

13) [v.s. ...] of a son of Antarīkṣa, [Viṣṇu-purāṇa]

14) [v.s. ...] of a king of Kāśmīra, [Rājataraṅgiṇī]

15) [v.s. ...] of a poet, [Catalogue(s)]

16) [v.s. ...] m. (rarely n.) a [particular] weight of gold (= 1 Karṣa, = 16 Māṣas, = 80 Raktikās, = about 175 grains troy), [Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata] etc.

17) [v.s. ...] m. a gold coin, [Mṛcchakaṭikā]

18) [v.s. ...] a kind of bulbous plant (= suvarṇālu), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

19) [v.s. ...] a kind of aloe, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

20) [v.s. ...] a kind of sacrifice, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

21) Suvarṇā (सुवर्णा):—[=su-varṇā] [from su-varṇa] f. turmeric, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

22) [v.s. ...] Sida Rhomboidea or Cordifolia, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

23) [v.s. ...] another plant (= svarṇakṣīrī), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

24) [v.s. ...] a bitter gourd, colocynth, [Horace H. Wilson]

25) [v.s. ...] Name of one of the seven tongues of fire, [Monier-Williams’ Sanskrit-English Dictionary]

26) [v.s. ...] of a daughter of Ikṣvāku (the wife of Su-hotra), [Mahābhārata]

27) Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण):—[=su-varṇa] n. gold (of which 57 synonyms are given), [Atharva-veda] etc. etc.

28) [v.s. ...] money, wealth, property, riches, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

29) [v.s. ...] a sort of yellow sandal-wood, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

30) [v.s. ...] the flower of Mesua Roxburghii

31) [v.s. ...] a kind of vegetable (= gaura-suvarṇa), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

32) [v.s. ...] red ochre (= suvarṇagairika), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

33) [v.s. ...] the right pronunciation of sounds, [Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa]

34) [v.s. ...] Name of a Tīrtha, [Mahābhārata]

35) [v.s. ...] of a [particular] world, [ib.]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण):—[su-varṇa] (rṇaṃ) 1. n. Gold; Sandal wood; red chalk; wealth; a flower, Messua. 1. m. n. A weight of gold, 175 grains Troy. m. Cassia fistula; a sacrifice. 1. f. Aloe wood; turmeric; bitter gourd. a. Bright; of a good tribe or colour.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Su-ṇṇa, Supanna, Suvaṇṇa, Suvanna.

[Sanskrit to German]

Suvarna in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Hindi dictionary

Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

Suvarṇa (सुवर्ण) [Also spelled suvarn]:—(nm) gold; good colour; higher caste.

context information

...

Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Suvarṇa (ಸುವರ್ಣ):—

1) [noun] a good, pleasing colour.

2) [noun] gold (symbol; Au.), the heavy, yellow, inert, metallic chemical element with a high degree of ductility and malleability.

3) [noun] a great quantity or store of money, valuable possessions, property or other riches; wealth.

4) [noun] (hist.) any monetary coin of gold.

5) [noun] (hist.) a unit of weight (equal to a fourth of a karṣa).

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

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