Pratigraha, Pratigrāha: 18 definitions
Introduction:
Pratigraha means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric TraditionsPratigraha (प्रतिग्रह) refers to the “receipt of gifts”, according to the Guhyasūtra chapter 9.—Accordingly, “[...] [The Lord spoke]:—[...] In the left hand, he should hold a winnowing fan in the observance of Ardhanārīśvara. Adopting this observance he should eat alms, keep his senses under control, be devoted to regular obligatory recitation and oblation, rejecting the receipt of gifts (pratigraha-vivarjita). He should venerate God three times [a day] and perform ablutions three times [a day]. Eating vegetables and barley-gruel, eating bulbs, roots and fruits, for one month. [...]”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
General definition (in Hinduism)
Source: Wisdom Library: HinduismPratigraha (प्रतिग्रह) is a Sanskrit word referring to “accepting charity”. It is the duty of a brāhmaṇa to accept contributions from his followers..
India history and geography
Source: archive.org: Nilamata Purana: a cultural and literary study (history)Pratigraha (प्रतिग्रह) is a word referring to gifts given to Brāhmaṇas, as mentioned in the Nīlamatapurāṇa.—The Brāhmaṇas as the recipients of gifts have been mentioned frequently in the Nīlamata. The Nīlamata emphasises the virtue of the gifts given to the Brāhmaṇas. The terms used for such a gift are Dāna, Dakṣiṇā, and Pratigraha. The nature of the gifts varies with religious ceremonies performed in different seasons of the year.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical GlossaryPratigraha.—(SITI), acceptance of gifts. Note: pratigraha is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionarypratigraha (प्रतिग्रह).—m S Acceptance of a gift. 2 Acceptance, admission, allowing. 3 In law. The actual receiving or getting possession of a gift: also the right or title to a possession which consists in gift.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishpratigraha (प्रतिग्रह).—m Acceptance of a gift. Accept- ance, admission.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryPratigraha (प्रतिग्रह).—1 Receiving, accepting.
2) Receiving or accepting a donation; अयाचितोपपन्ने तु नास्ति दोषः प्रतिग्रहे (ayācitopapanne tu nāsti doṣaḥ pratigrahe)
3) The right of receiving or accepting a donation.
4) The right of receiving gifts (which is a peculiar prerogative of Brāhmaṇas); अध्यापनमध्ययनं यजनं याजनं तथा । दानं प्रतिग्रहं चैव ब्राह्मणानामकल्पयत् (adhyāpanamadhyayanaṃ yajanaṃ yājanaṃ tathā | dānaṃ pratigrahaṃ caiva brāhmaṇānāmakalpayat) || Manusmṛti 1.88;4.86; Y.1.118
5) A gift, present, donation; राज्ञः प्रतिग्रहोऽयम् (rājñaḥ pratigraho'yam) Ś.1; Śiśupālavadha 14.35.
6) A receiver (of a gift).
7) Kind or friendly reception; प्रतिग्रहाय पाण्डूनां प्रेषयामास कौरवान् (pratigrahāya pāṇḍūnāṃ preṣayāmāsa kauravān) Mahābhārata (Bombay) 1.27.12.
8) Favour, grace.
9) Marrying; तत्प्रतिग्रहलाभाय जित्वा भूपान् स्वयंवरे (tatpratigrahalābhāya jitvā bhūpān svayaṃvare) Bm.1.456.
1) Listening to.
11) The rear of an army.
12) A spitting-pot.
13) The sun near the moon's node.
14) a chambervessel (for sick persons).
15) a grasper, seizer; केश- प्रतिग्रहः (keśa- pratigrahaḥ) = barber.
Derivable forms: pratigrahaḥ (प्रतिग्रहः).
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Pratigrāha (प्रतिग्राह).—
1) Accepting gifts.
2) A spitting-pot, spittoon.
Derivable forms: pratigrāhaḥ (प्रतिग्राहः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryPratigraha (प्रतिग्रह).—m. (lit. receiver; in a similar sense in Sanskrit, Caraka, see [Boehtlingk and Roth] 7.1774; Pali paṭiggaha, receiver for scraps and refuse, Vin. ii.115.16, 19), bed-pan (according to Tibetan, chol zaṅs): Mahāvyutpatti 8964 (among utensils of monks).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryPratigraha (प्रतिग्रह).—m.
(-haḥ) 1. Acceptance, assent. 2. Proper donation to Brah- mans, whatever is a fit present to a Brahman at suitable periods. 3. The acceptance of such a gift. 4. Friendly reception. 5. Favor. 6. Marrying. 7. A spitting-pot. 8. The reserve of an army, a detachment posted with the general four hundred yards in the rear of the line. 9. The sun near the moon’s node. E. prati again, &c. and graha taking.
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Pratigrāha (प्रतिग्राह).—m.
(-haḥ) 1. A spitting-pot. 2. Accepting gifts. E. prati before, grah to take, ṇa aff.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryPratigraha (प्रतिग्रह).—[prati-grah + a], m. 1. Acceptance, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 1, 88. 2. A present, [Śākuntala, (ed. Böhtlingk.)] 17, 5. 3. Friendly reception, Mahābhārata 1, 7556. 4. Favour, [Rāmāyaṇa] 1, 62, 29 Gorr. 5. Hearing, Mahābhārata 3, 8373. 6. A receiver, [Rāmāyaṇa] 1, 69, 14. 7. A spitting pot. 8. The reserve of an army.
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Pratigrāha (प्रतिग्राह).—i. e. prati-grah + a, m. A spitting pot.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryPratigraha (प्रतिग्रह).—[masculine] receiving, accepting from ([genetive] ±sakāśāt, [ablative], or —°), acceptance ([especially] of gifts, as a prerogative of Brahmans); gift, donation; kind reception, favour, grace; taking to wife, marriage; seizer, receiver.
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Pratigrāha (प्रतिग्राह).—[masculine] spittoon (as a receptacle).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Aufrecht Catalogus CatalogorumPratigraha (प्रतिग्रह) as mentioned in Aufrecht’s Catalogus Catalogorum:—vaid. Oudh. Xx, 8 Xxii, 42.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Pratigraha (प्रतिग्रह):—[=prati-graha] [from prati-grah] m. receiving, accepting, acceptance of gifts (as the peculiar prerogative of Brāhmans; cf. [Indian Wisdom, by Sir M. Monier-Williams 237; 262]), [Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa; ???; Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata] etc. (grahaṃ-√kṛ, to receive presents, [Manu-smṛti])
2) [v.s. ...] friendly reception, [Mahābhārata]
3) [v.s. ...] favour, grace, [Mahābhārata]
4) [v.s. ...] taking a wife, marrying, [Rāmāyaṇa]
5) [v.s. ...] receiving with the ear id est. hearing, [Kathāsaritsāgara]
6) [v.s. ...] a grasper, seizer (keśa-, a hair-cutter, barber), [Gobhila-śrāddha-kalpa] a receiver, [Kātyāyana-śrauta-sūtra; Rāmāyaṇa]
7) [v.s. ...] a chamber-vessel or any similar convenience for sick persons, [Caraka]
8) [v.s. ...] a spittoon, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
9) [v.s. ...] a gift, present ([especially] a donation to a Brāhman at suitable periods), [Yājñavalkya; Mahābhārata] etc. ([instrumental case] ‘as a present’ [Kathāsaritsāgara])
10) [v.s. ...] Name of the objects or functions corresponding to the 8 Grahas, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
11) [v.s. ...] = kriyā-kāra, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
12) [v.s. ...] the reserve of an army (a detachment posted with the general 400 yards in the rear of a line), [Horace H. Wilson]
13) [v.s. ...] the sun near the moon’s node, [ib.]
14) Pratigrāha (प्रतिग्राह):—[=prati-grāha] [from prati-grah] m. a spittoon, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
15) [v.s. ...] accepting gifts, [Horace H. Wilson]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Pratigraha (प्रतिग्रह):—[prati-graha] (haḥ) 1. m. Acceptance; a proper donation to brāhmaṃs; acceptance of it; the reserve of an army; a spitting-pot; the sun near the moon’s node.
2) Pratigrāha (प्रतिग्राह):—[prati-grāha] (haḥ) 1. m. A spitting-pot; the accepting of gifts.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Pratigraha (प्रतिग्रह) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Paḍiggaha, Paḍiggāha.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusPratigraha (ಪ್ರತಿಗ್ರಹ):—
1) [noun] a receiving, accepting of gifts (as a right or obligation of a religious brahmaṇa).
2) [noun] a receiving or accepting in gen.).
3) [noun] any thing given ( as a part of one’s religious rite or obligation).
4) [noun] he who receives a gift or gifts.
5) [noun] a courteous or friendly reception (of a person).
6) [noun] the portion of an army that moves behind; the rearguard.
7) [noun] a jarlike container to spit into; a spittoon; a cuspidor.
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Pratigrāha (ಪ್ರತಿಗ್ರಾಹ):—[noun] = ಪ್ರತಿಗ್ರಹ - [pratigraha -] 7.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Graha, Prati.
Starts with: Pratigrahadhana, Pratigrahaka, Pratigrahakalpa, Pratigrahana, Pratigrahaniya, Pratigrahaprapta, Pratigrahaprayashcittaprakara, Pratigraharuci, Pratigrahavivarjita.
Ends with: Asatpratigraha, Cudapratigraha, Dakshinapratigraha, Dushtapratigraha, Dutpratigraha, Keshapratigraha, Nitpratigraha, Sampratigraha, Satpratigraha, Ugrapratigraha, Yajanapratigraha, Yavatarthapratigraha, Yogadanapratigraha.
Full-text (+23): Padiggaha, Nishpratigrahata, Asatpratigraha, Pratigrahaprayashcittaprakara, Pratigrahaprapta, Pratigrahakalpa, Pratiyatna, Pratigrahadhana, Pratigrah, Satkarman, Yavatarthapratigraha, Putrapratigrahavidhi, Nitpratigraha, Piratikkirakam, Keshapratigraha, Sampratigraha, Pratigrahana, Dakshinapratigraha, Satpratigraha, Tiruppatikkarakam.
Relevant text
Search found 23 books and stories containing Pratigraha, Prati-graha, Prati-grāha, Pratigrāha; (plurals include: Pratigrahas, grahas, grāhas, Pratigrāhas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Vaisheshika-sutra with Commentary (by Nandalal Sinha)
Sūtra 6.1.4 (Above continued) < [Chapter 1 - Of Vedic Duties]
The Skanda Purana (by G. V. Tagare)
Chapter 28 - Procedure of the Pilgrimage (Yātrā) < [Section 1 - Prabhāsa-kṣetra-māhātmya]
Chapter 207 - Eligibility (of Brāhmaṇas) for Śrāddha < [Section 1 - Prabhāsa-kṣetra-māhātmya]
Chapter 255 - Glory of Ṛṣitīrtha < [Section 1 - Prabhāsa-kṣetra-māhātmya]
Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 1.88 < [Section LV - Distribution of Functions among the several castes, part 1: of the Brāhmaṇa]
Verse 4.187 < [Section XIV - Other Duties]
Verse 4.86 < [Section X - Gifts not to be Accepted]
Lakulisha-Pashupata (Philosophy and Practice) (by Geetika Kaw Kher)
Classifiction of the system as an Ati-margika one < [Chapter 4 - The Philosophical Context]
Amarakoshodghatana of Kshirasvamin (study) (by A. Yamuna Devi)
Daily Life (4): Household Articles < [Chapter 3 - Social Aspects]
Yajnavalkya-smriti (Vyavaharadhyaya)—Critical study (by Kalita Nabanita)
Chapter 5.10 - Laws Relating to Resumption of Gift (dattāpradānika) < [Chapter 5 - Vyavahārādhyāya and the Modern Indian Laws]