Prithaktva, Pṛthaktva: 15 definitions
Introduction:
Prithaktva means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term Pṛthaktva can be transliterated into English as Prthaktva or Prithaktva, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
In Hinduism
Ayurveda (science of life)
Source: Wisdom Library: Āyurveda and botanyPṛthaktva (पृथक्त्व, “separateness”).—One of the ten Parādiguṇa, or, ‘10 pharmaceutical properties’.—It is a Sanskrit technical term from Āyurveda (Indian medicine) and used in literature such the Caraka-saṃhitā and the Suśruta-saṃhitā. According to Caraka, these ten properties (guṇa) are the means to success in therapeutic treatment. Pṛthaktva refers to the qualitative difference in action and use of certain medicines.
Source: Pitta Ayurveda: Samanya GunaOne needs to carefully understand Prithaktva because it means separation not splitting. Separation can be permanent as well as temporary in nature.
Source: Shodhganga: Ayurveda siddhanta evam darshanaPrithaktva has been explained by Charaka as Asamyoga , Vailakshana and Anekata.
Chakrapani has explained the logic behind three different explanations given by Charaka.
- Asamyuktata is between two different padarthas which can never become samyukta example Himalaya and Meru-parvata.
- Vailakshanya is differentiation between two different jati-dravyas which cannot be removed even after samyoga of dravyas example samyoga between a mahisha and varaha.
- Anekata is differentiation in a samyukta-avastha of many dravyas of same jati example in a heap of masha pulse every grain is different from another irrespective of samyoga as well as jati-samanya .
Shivadasa has defined Prithaktva as factor responsible for distinction as ‘this is different/distinct from that’.
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Vaisheshika (school of philosophy)
Source: Wisdom Library: VaiśeṣikaPṛthaktva (पृथक्त्व, “individuality”) is one of the seventeen guṇas (‘qualities’), according to the Vaiśeṣika-sūtras. These guṇas are considered as a category of padārtha (“metaphysical correlate”). These padārthas represent everything that exists which can be cognized and named. Together with their subdivisions, they attempt to explain the nature of the universe and the existence of living beings.
Source: archive.org: Padartha Dharma Sangraha Of PrasastapadaPṛthaktva (पृथक्त्व) refers to “isolation”, according to the 4th century Padārthadharmasaṅgraha (text 87) by Praśastapāda.—Accordingly, “Isolation (pṛthaktva) is the basis of all notions of separateness. It inheres in one as well as in many substances. Its eternal and non-eternal manifestations are in the same way as those of Number; the only difference lies in this: that of Isolation, there are no such subdivisions as ‘Individual Isolation’ and the like, as there is in the case of ‘unity’ &c. (of number); but Isolation is always qualified by number; as we often come across notions of Isolation qualified by number”.
Vaisheshika (वैशेषिक, vaiśeṣika) refers to a school of orthodox Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. Vaisheshika deals with subjects such as logic, epistemology, philosophy and expounds concepts similar to Buddhism in nature
Nyaya (school of philosophy)
Source: Shodhganga: A study of Nyāya-vaiśeṣika categoriesPṛthaktva (पृथक्त्व, “distinctness”) or Pṛthaktvaguṇa refers to one of the twenty-four guṇas (qualities) according to all the modern works on Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika.—Difference between two things is regarded as a quality in Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika philosophy. According to Praśastapāda, the cause which separates one thing from all other things is called pṛthaktva. Śivāditya gives the definition of pṛthaktva that is pṛthaktva which has the generality of distinctness and which is the special cause of the common usage of differentiation of one thing from another. Viśvanātha defines separateness is the cause of the notion of a thing being separate.
Annaṃbhaṭṭa simply says that the special cause of the usage of one thing being different from other is called pṛthaktva. In this definition the word ‘special cause’ is used to remove the over-pervasion to kāla, dik etc. Dik, kāla etc. are the cause of all uses but they are not special cause. This quality exists in all dravyas. It is nitya when it is in the nityadravyas and it is anitya when it is in the anityadravyas. Atom is nitya, so its pṛthaktva is also nitya. But pṛthaktva of a jar is anitya because it is composite products. This guṇa is destroyed when its substrates are destroyed.
Nyaya (न्याय, nyaya) refers to a school of Hindu philosophy (astika), drawing its subject-matter from the Upanishads. The Nyaya philosophy is known for its theories on logic, methodology and epistemology, however, it is closely related with Vaisheshika in terms of metaphysics.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: Google Books: ManthanabhairavatantramPṛthaktva (पृथक्त्व) refers to “existing separately”, according to the Manthānabhairavatantra, a vast sprawling work that belongs to a corpus of Tantric texts concerned with the worship of the goddess Kubjikā.—Accordingly, “The Western (transmission) is born from Śāmbhava and the Kula teaching from the Western (transmission). The Southern path (comes) from Kula and from the Southern one (comes) the Northern House. From (that emerges the transmission of) the left, the lineage of oneness, which is all, both with sequence and without. Each one has a differing lion-nature and so exists separately (pṛthaktva) in a state in which (each) is exclusive of the other in the House of the Four Lineages. [...]”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Yoga (school of philosophy)
Source: ORA: Amanaska (king of all yogas): A Critical Edition and Annotated Translation by Jason BirchPṛthaktva (पृथक्त्व) refers to “separateness”, according to the Amanaska Yoga treatise dealing with meditation, absorption, yogic powers and liberation.—Accordingly, as Īśvara says to Vāmadeva: “[...] [Now], I shall define the nature of that highest, mind-free absorption which arises for those devoted to constant practice. [...] Just as ghee which has dissolved into [another batch of] ghee, is not separate (pṛthaktva-rahita) [in any way] from [that] ghee, so the Yogin, who has dissolved into the highest reality, is not aware of separateness. [...]”.
Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryPṛthaktva (पृथक्त्व).—
1) Separateness, severalty.
2) Individuality.
Derivable forms: pṛthaktvam (पृथक्त्वम्).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryPṛthaktva (पृथक्त्व).—[pṛthak + tva], n. 1. Individuality, [Bhagavadgītā, (ed. Schlegel.)] 9, 15. 2. Separation, [Bhāgavata-Purāṇa, (ed. Burnouf.)] 2, 10, 28; separateness. pṛthaktvena, Singly, one by one, Mahābhārata 14, 1058. 3. Severality, Bhāṣāp. 88.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English DictionaryPṛthaktva (पृथक्त्व):—[=pṛthak-tva] [from pṛthak > pṛth] n. idem, [Śāṅkhāyana-śrauta-sūtra; Nirukta, by Yāska; Mahābhārata] etc. (cf. [Indian Wisdom, by Sir M. Monier-Williams 68])
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryPṛthaktva (पृथक्त्व):—[pṛthak-tva] (tā-tvaṃ) 1. f. n. State of separation, individuality; detachment.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Pṛthaktva (पृथक्त्व) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Puhatta, Puhutta.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusPṛthaktva (ಪೃಥಕ್ತ್ವ):—[noun] an analysing or being analysed.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Partial matches: Prithak, Tva.
Starts with: Prithaktvaca, Prithaktvacha, Prithaktvanivesha, Prithaktvashas, Prithaktvatas, Prithaktvavitarkavicara, Prithaktvavitarkavichara.
Ends with: Aprithaktva, Ekaprithaktva, Samyogaprithaktva.
Full-text (+6): Prithagbhava, Prithaktvatas, Prithaktvashas, Ekaprithaktva, Samyogaprithaktva, Prithaktvena, Puhatta, Puhutta, Nigamat, Prithakta, Ekadashatejoguna, Ceshtaprithaktvanivartin, Prithaktvanivesha, Separation, Guna, Aprithaktvin, Visheshaguna, Samanyaguna, Puthutta, Anyonyabhava.
Relevant text
Search found 14 books and stories containing Prithaktva, Pṛthaktva, Prthaktva, Prithak-tva, Pṛthak-tva, Prthak-tva; (plurals include: Prithaktvas, Pṛthaktvas, Prthaktvas, tvas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Nyaya-Vaisheshika categories (Study) (by Diptimani Goswami)
Qualities (7): Pṛthaktva (Distinctness) < [Chapter 4 - Quality and Action]
Divisions of Quality < [Chapter 4 - Quality and Action]
Substance (8): Ātmā (Self) < [Chapter 3 - Dravya (Substance)]
Vaisheshika-sutra with Commentary (by Nandalal Sinha)
Sūtra 4.1.11 (Where Numbers, etc., are objects of visual perception) < [Chapter 1 - Of Atoms]
Sūtra 1.1.6 (Enumeration of Attributes) < [Chapter 1 - Of Substance, Attribute, and Action]
Sūtra 7.2.7 (Unity and Separateness of one do not exist in effect and cause) < [Chapter 2 - Of Number, Separateness, Conjunction, etc.]
Philosophy of Charaka-samhita (by Asokan. G)
Inherence (samavāya) [in Charaka philosophy] < [Chapter 2 - Fundamental Categories]
Enumeration of attributes (guṇa) < [Chapter 2 - Fundamental Categories]
General attributes (sāmānya-guṇas) < [Chapter 2 - Fundamental Categories]
The Tattvasangraha [with commentary] (by Ganganatha Jha)
Verse 2825 < [Chapter 25 - Examination of the Doctrine of ‘Self-sufficient Validity’]
Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana (by Gaurapada Dāsa)
Text 6.3 < [Chapter 6 - Third-rate Poetry and Super-excellent Poetry]
A History of Indian Philosophy Volume 4 (by Surendranath Dasgupta)
Part 5 - Defence of Pluralism (bheda) < [Chapter XXVII - A General Review of the Philosophy of Madhva]