Candrika, Candrikā, Candrīkā: 23 definitions

Introduction
In Hinduism
1. Ayurveda
2. Purana
3. Chandas
4. Shaivism
5. Kavya
6. Shaktism
7. Yoga
In Jainism
1. General definition
India history
Biology
Languages
1. Marathi
2. Sanskrit
See also
Buy products

Introduction:

Candrika means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, the history of ancient India, Marathi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

Alternative spellings of this word include Chandrika.

In Hinduism

Ayurveda (science of life)

Rasashastra (Alchemy and Herbo-Mineral preparations)

Source: Wisdom Library: Rasa-śāstra

Candrikā (चन्द्रिका, “shining particles”) is a Sanskrit technical term used throughout Rasaśāstra literature, such as the Rasaprakāśasudhākara.

Nighantu (Synonyms and Characteristics of Drugs and technical terms)

Source: WorldCat: Rāj nighaṇṭu

1) Candrikā (चन्द्रिका) is another name for Karṇasphoṭā, a medicinal plant possibly identified with Cardiospermum halicacabum (balloon plant) from the Sapindaceae or “soapberry” family of flowering plants, according to verse 3.137-138 of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or Rājanighaṇṭu. The third chapter (guḍūcyādi-varga) of this book contains climbers and creepers (vīrudh). Karṇasphoṭā is not mentioned by Dhanvantari (in his Nighaṇṭu); however Chopra identifies it as Cardiospermum halicacabum Linn.; yet, the properties mentioned by chopra do not tally with the text. Together with the names Candrikā and Karṇasphoṭā, there are a total of eight Sanskrit synonyms identified for this plant.

2) Candrikā (चन्द्रिका) is also mentioned as a synonym for Śvetakaṇṭakārī, a medicinal plant related to Kaṇṭakārī, according to verse 4.33-36. The fourth chapter (śatāhvādi-varga) of this book enumerates eighty varieties of small plants (pṛthu-kṣupa). Together with the names Candrikā and Śvetakaṇṭakārī, there are a total of twenty-four Sanskrit synonyms identified for this plant.

context information

Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Source: Wisdom Library: The Matsya-purāṇa

Candrikā (चन्द्रिका) is the name of a mind-born ‘divine mother’ (mātṛ), created for the purpose of drinking the blood of the Andhaka demons, according to the Matsya-purāṇa 179.8. The Andhaka demons spawned out of every drop of blood spilled from the original Andhakāsura (Andhaka-demon). According to the Matsya-purāṇa 179.35, “Most terrible they (e.g., Candrikā) all drank the blood of those Andhakas and become exceedingly satiated.”

The Matsyapurāṇa is categorised as a Mahāpurāṇa, and was originally composed of 20,000 metrical verses, dating from the 1st-millennium BCE. The narrator is Matsya, one of the ten major avatars of Viṣṇu.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

1) Candrikā (चन्द्रिका).—A kala of the moon.^*

* Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa IV. 35. 32.

2a) Candrīkā (चन्द्रीका).—A mother goddess; enshrined at Hariścandra.^*

* Matsya-purāṇa 13. 40; 179. 28.

2b) A R. sacred to Pitrs.^*

* Matsya-purāṇa 22. 63.

context information

The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Chandas (prosody, study of Sanskrit metres)

Source: Shodhganga: a concise history of Sanskrit Chanda literature

1) Candrikā (चन्द्रिका) is the name of various commentaries on the Vṛttaratnākara of Kedārabhaṭṭa (C. 950-1050 C.E.), who was a celebrated author in Sanskrit prosody The various authors that produced a work named Candrikā are as follows: 1) Prabhāvallabha, 2) Rudra. The Vṛttaratnākara is considered as most popular work in Sanskrit prosody, because of its rich and number of commentaries.

2) Candrikā (चन्द्रिका) refers to one of the 135 metres (chandas) mentioned by Nañjuṇḍa (1794-1868 C.E.) in his Vṛttaratnāvalī. Nañjuṇḍa was a poet of both Kannada and Sanskrit literature flourished in the court of the famous Kṛṣṇarāja Woḍeyar of Mysore. He introduces the names of these metres (e.g., Candrikā) in 20 verses.

Source: Journal of the University of Bombay Volume V: Apabhramsa metres (2)

Candrikā (चन्द्रिका) is the name of a catuṣpadi metre (as popularly employed by the Apabhraṃśa bards), as discussed in books such as the Chandonuśāsana, Kavidarpaṇa, Vṛttajātisamuccaya and Svayambhūchandas.—Candrikā has 16 mātrās in each of its four lines, divided into the groups of 5, 5, 4, [S] mātrās.

context information

Chandas (छन्दस्) refers to Sanskrit prosody and represents one of the six Vedangas (auxiliary disciplines belonging to the study of the Vedas). The science of prosody (chandas-shastra) focusses on the study of the poetic meters such as the commonly known twenty-six metres mentioned by Pingalas.

Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

Source: academia.edu: Yakṣiṇī-sādhana in the Kakṣapuṭa tantra

Candrikā (चन्द्रिका) is the name of one of the thirty-two Yakṣiṇīs mentioned in the Kakṣapuṭatantra. In the yakṣiṇī-sādhana, the Yakṣiṇī is regarded as the guardian spirit who provides worldly benefits to the practitioner. The Yakṣiṇī (e.g., Candrikā) provides, inter alia, daily food, clothing and money, tells the future, and bestows a long life, but she seldom becomes a partner in sexual practices.

context information

Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

Kavya (poetry)

Source: archive.org: Naisadhacarita of Sriharsa

Candrikā (चन्द्रिका) refers to (1) “moonlight”, (2) “baldness”, and is mentioned in the Naiṣadha-carita 12.102. With regard to the latter meaning, Malli explains the word [candrikā] as śirorogaviśeṣa [...].

context information

Kavya (काव्य, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’.

Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

Source: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram

Candrikā (चन्द्रिका) refers to the “moonlight”, according to Tantric texts such as the Kubjikāmata-tantra, the earliest popular and most authoritative Tantra of the Kubjikā cult.—According to the Ādisūtra (chapter thirteen of the Kularatnoddyota) we find a reference to the inner Moon. We are told that it is above the Cavity of Brahmā [i.e., brahmarandhra] but not exactly where. In the same vague terms the Kularatnoddyota says that the lunar nectar is within ‘the moonlight’ (candrikā) and this, according to the Kumārikākhaṇḍa, is the form of the goddess Amā. Emerging from the body of the god, the goddess, free of impurity (amala) is divine, radiant (sphurat) awakened consciousness (avabodha).

context information

Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

Yoga (school of philosophy)

Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (yoga)

Candrikā (चन्द्रिका) is a commentary on the Brahmasūtra, authored by Bhavadeva-miśra, who also wrote the Yuktabhavadeva (a 17th-century text dealing with Yoga).—The NCC (vol. 15, 12) reports that it is by Bhavadeva, who was the son of Sanmiśrasrīkṛṣṇadeva and the disciple of Ṭhakkurabhavadeva.

context information

Yoga is originally considered a branch of Hindu philosophy (astika), but both ancient and modern Yoga combine the physical, mental and spiritual. Yoga teaches various physical techniques also known as āsanas (postures), used for various purposes (eg., meditation, contemplation, relaxation).

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

Source: archive.org: Trisastisalakapurusacaritra

Candrikā (चन्द्रिका) refers to a club and represents one of the nine gifts of the Gods given to Tripṛṣṭha, according to chapter 4.1 [śreyāṃsanātha-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.

Accordingly:—“[...] The Vidyādharas, Jvalanajaṭin and others, mounted their chariots like lions a mountain-plateau. Then drawn by merit, the Gods gave Tripṛṣṭha a divine bow named Śārṅga, a club Kaumodakī, a conch Pāñcajanya, and a jewel named Kaustubha, a sword Nandaka, and a garland Vanamālā. They gave Balabhadra a plough named Saṃvartaka, a pestle named Saumanda, and a club named Candrikā. [...]”.

context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

India history and geography

Source: Shodhganga: a concise history of Sanskrit Chanda literature (history)

Candrikā (चन्द्रिका) is the name of a work ascribed to Rāmapāṇivāda (18th Century): a scholar of multi discipline, who flourished in Kerala in the 18th Century. He was a prolific writer both in Sanskrit and Prakrit. Also see the “New Catalogus Catalogorum” XXIV. pp. 173-74.

context information

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

Biology (plants and animals)

Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)

1) Candrika in India is the name of a plant defined with Elettaria cardamomum in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Zingiber minus Gaertn. (among others).

2) Candrika is also identified with Lepidium sativum It has the synonym Crucifera nasturtium E.H.L. Krause (etc.).

Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):

· Research Bulletin (1976)
· Proceedings of the Indian Science Congress Association (1981)
· Enumeratio Plantarum Horti regii berolinensis: ... Supplementum (1814)
· Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschapen (1830)
· Methodus Plantas Horti Botanici (1794)
· Asiatic Researches, or ‘Transactions of the Society’ (1810)

If you are looking for specific details regarding Candrika, for example diet and recipes, side effects, extract dosage, chemical composition, health benefits, pregnancy safety, have a look at these references.

context information

This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.

Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

candrikā (चंद्रिका).—f (S) Moonlight. 2 Esp. amongst dyers. Polish or gloss as arising to a color.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

candrikā (चंद्रिका).—f Moonlight.

--- OR ---

cāndrika (चांद्रिक).—

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Candrikā (चन्द्रिका).—

1) Moonlight, इतः स्तुतिः का खलु चन्द्रिकाया यदब्धिमप्युत्तरलीकरोति (itaḥ stutiḥ kā khalu candrikāyā yadabdhimapyuttaralīkaroti) N.3.3.116; R.19.39; कामुकैः कुम्भीलकैश्च परिहर्तव्या चन्द्रिका (kāmukaiḥ kumbhīlakaiśca parihartavyā candrikā) M.4.

2) (At the end of comp.) Elucidation, throwing light on the subject treated; अलङ्कारचन्द्रिका, काव्यचन्द्रिका (alaṅkāracandrikā, kāvyacandrikā); cf. कौमुदी (kaumudī).

3) Illumination.

4) A large cardamom.

5) The river Chandrabhāgā.

6) The Mallikā creeper.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Candrikā (चन्द्रिका).—f.

(-kā) 1. Moonlight. 2. A small fish, commonly Chanda, (Chanda of var. species, Ham.) 3. Large cardamoms. E. candra the moon, candro’sti asyāḥ āśrayatvena ṭhan . cadi dīptau rak tataḥ svārthe kavā .

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Candrikā (चन्द्रिका).—see candraka.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Aufrecht Catalogus Catalogorum

1) Candrikā (चन्द्रिका) as mentioned in Aufrecht’s Catalogus Catalogorum:—[dharma] Oppert. 7755. See Ācāracandrikā, Smṛticandrikā. Quoted by Mādhavācārya Oxf. 270^a, in Saṃskārakaustubha, Smṛtyarthasāgara, by Raghunandana and Kamalākara, and others.

2) Candrikā (चन्द्रिका):—vedānta, See Tātparyacandrikā.

3) Candrikā (चन्द्रिका):—Kāvyādarśaṭīkā by Bhīma. Hall. p. 63.

4) Candrikā (चन्द्रिका):—Paribhāṣārthasaṃgrahaṭīkā [grammatical] by Svayamprakāśānanda. Bik. 269.

5) Candrikā (चन्द्रिका):—Prabodhacandrodayaṭīkā, composed by the minister of a king called Nādillayappa. Bp. 55.

6) Candrikā (चन्द्रिका):—[grammatical] Pheh. 7.
—by Kṛṣṇācārya. Oppert. 2601. Ii, 5935. See Padacandrikā.
—by Rāmāśrama. K. 80. See Siddhāntacandrikā.
—by Śrīkāntamiśra. K. 80.
—bṛhatī, by Somanātha. K. 80.

7) Candrikā (चन्द्रिका):—(Mādhva doctrin) by Vyāsarāya i. e. Vyāsatīrtha. Hz. 1533 (inc). This is probably a
—[sub-commentary] to Ānandatīrtha’s Brahmasūtrabhāṣya.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Candrikā (चन्द्रिका):—[from candraka > cand] a f. moonlight, [Meghadūta; Raghuvaṃśa; Bhartṛhari] etc.

2) [v.s. ...] ifc. splendour, [Vikramāṅkadeva-carita, by Bilhaṇa v, 37]

3) [v.s. ...] ifc. illumination, elucidation (of a work or subject, e. [gana] alaṃkāra-, kātantra-, etc.)

4) [v.s. ...] Name of a [commentator or commentary] on [Kāvyādarśa]

5) [v.s. ...] ‘moonshine’, baldness, [Demetrius Galanos’s Lexiko: sanskritikes, anglikes, hellenikes]

6) [v.s. ...] the Chanda fish, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

7) [v.s. ...] cardamoms, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

8) [v.s. ...] = candraśūra, [Bhāvaprakāśa]

9) [v.s. ...] Gynandropsis pentaphylla, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

10) [v.s. ...] Jasminum Zambac, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

11) [v.s. ...] Trigonella foenum graecum

12) [v.s. ...] a kind of white-blossoming Kaṇṭakārī, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

13) [v.s. ...] the Utpalinī metre

14) [v.s. ...] (in music) a kind of measure

15) [v.s. ...] Name of Dākṣāyaṇī, [Matsya-purāṇa xiii]

16) [v.s. ...] of a woman, [Mālavikāgnimitra iv, 6/7]

17) [v.s. ...] of a Surāṅganā, [Siṃhāsana-dvātriṃśikā or vikramāditya-caritra, jaina recension]

18) [v.s. ...] of the Candra-bhāgā river, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

19) [from cand] b f. of draka q.v.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Candrikā (चन्द्रिका):—(kā) 1. f. Moonlight; small fish; large cardamoms.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Cāndrika (चान्द्रिक) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Caṃdia, Caṃdiā, Caṃdimā, Caṃdimāiya.

[Sanskrit to German]

Candrika in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Relevant text

Search found 50 books and stories containing Candrika, Candrikā, Candrīkā, Cāndrika; (plurals include: Candrikas, Candrikās, Candrīkās, Cāndrikas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Text 10.80 < [Chapter 10 - Ornaments of Meaning]

Text 6.5 < [Chapter 6 - Third-rate Poetry and Super-excellent Poetry]

Text 7.87 < [Chapter 7 - Literary Faults]

+ 8 more chapters / show preview

Chapter 10 - The Pupils of Atreya < [Part 1 - The History of Medicine in India]

Chapter 9 - Commentators of Caraka Samhita < [Part 1 - The History of Medicine in India]

Chapter 5 - The Story of Agnivesha < [Part 1 - The History of Medicine in India]

+ 1 more chapters / show preview

Verse 5.15.34 < [Chapter 15 - Seeing Sri Radha]

Verse 1.8.12 < [Chapter 8 - Description of Śrī Rādhikā’s Birth]

show preview

Rāga-vartma-candrika < [Chapter 2.12 - Early ISKCON Conversations with Śrīla Gurudeva]