Akrosha, Ākrośa: 16 definitions
Introduction:
Akrosha means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term Ākrośa can be transliterated into English as Akrosa or Akrosha, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
Alternative spellings of this word include Akrosh.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Puranic EncyclopediaĀkrośa (आक्रोश).—A king of ancient Bhārata. He was king over the land of Mahottha. Nakula conquered him during his victory march. (Ślokas 5 and 6, Chapter 32, Sabhā Parva, Mahābhārata).
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the GaganagañjaparipṛcchāĀkrośa (आक्रोश) refers to “words of abuse”, according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly, “[...] At that time, sixty koṭis of Bodhisattvas, having stood up from the congregation, joined their palms, paid homage to the Lord, and then uttered these verses in one voice: ‘[...] (195) In order to uphold the true dharma, with patience we will endure the words of abuse (ākrośa), censure and reviling. (196) Upholding this guiding principle, we will endure all these scoffing, threats, decrying, and defaming. [...]’”.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: archive.org: Trisastisalakapurusacaritra1) Ākrośa (आक्रोश, “abuse”) refers to one of the hardships (parīṣaha), or “series of trials hard to endure” according to chapter 10.1 (Incarnation as Nandana) of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.—While practicing penance for a lac of years, Muni Nandana also endured a series of trials hard to endure (e.g., ākrośa). Nandana is the name of a king as well as one of Mahāvīra’s previous births.
2) Akrośa (अक्रोश) refers to one of the Kapis fighting in Rāma’s army, according to the Jain Ramayana and chapter 7.7 [The killing of Rāvaṇa].—Accordingly, “[...] When the battle had been going on for a long time, the army of the Rākṣasas was broken by the Vānaras like a forest by winds. [...] [Akrośa, ...] and other Kapis fought with Rākṣasas separately, leaping up and falling down, like cocks fighting with cocks. [...] Then the soldiers of Rāma and Rāvaṇa returned, purifying their own men, killed and unkilled”.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
Languages of India and abroad
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryākrōśa (आक्रोश).—m (S) Loud crying, bellowing, bawling.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishākrōśa (आक्रोश).—m Loud crying.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryĀkrośa (आक्रोश).—
1) Calling or crying out, vociferation, loud cry or sound.
2) Censure, blame, reviling; आक्रोशमपि परिहासमाकलयन्ति (ākrośamapi parihāsamākalayanti) K.235,291; abuse Y.2.32.
3) A curse, imprecation; °गर्भमेवमुक्तम् (garbhamevamuktam) K.291,346.
4) An oath.
Derivable forms: ākrośaḥ (आक्रोशः).
See also (synonyms): ākrośana.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryĀkrośa (आक्रोश).—m.
(-śaḥ) 1. Abuse, censuring, a curse or oath. 2. Vociferousness, calling aloud. E. āṅ, kruśa to call, ghañ aff.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryĀkrośa (आक्रोश).—. i. e. ā-kruś + a, m. 1. Abuse, Yājñ 2, 302. 2. A curse.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryĀkrośa (आक्रोश).—[masculine] crying out, scolding, reviling.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Ākrośa (आक्रोश):—[=ā-krośa] [from ā-kruś] m. ([Nirukta, by Yāska; Pāṇini 6-2, 158]) assailing with harsh language, scolding, reviling, abuse, [Yājñavalkya; Gautama-dharma-śāstra; Āpastamba-dharma-sūtra] etc.
2) [v.s. ...] Name of a prince, [Mahābhārata ii, 1188.]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryĀkrośa (आक्रोश):—[ā-krośa] (śaḥ) 1. m. Abuse, censure.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Akrośa (अक्रोश) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Akkosa, Āussa.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryĀkrośa (आक्रोश) [Also spelled akrosh]:—(nm) acrimony, acerbity; wrath.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusĀkrōśa (ಆಕ್ರೋಶ):—
1) [noun] a loud, violent outcry; vociferation.
2) [noun] a profane, obscene or blasphemous oath, imprecation, etc. expressing hatred, anger, vexation, etc.; a curse.
3) [noun] hot displeasure; violent anger; wrath.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Akroshadhvani, Akroshagol, Akroshaka, Akroshamadu, Akroshana, Akroshaniya, Akroshayitri.
Ends with: Apakrosha, Ardhakrosha, Avakrosha, Durakrosha, Indrakrosha, Karnakrosha, Nirakrosha, Pancakrosha, Prakrosha, Upakrosha, Vyakrosha.
Full-text: Akkosa, Nirakrosha, Akroshana, Aussa, Durakrosham, Akrosh, Vyakrosha, Mahottha, Vyakroshaka, Bibhatsana, Vikrush, Paribhashana, Kumsana, Abhidroha, Garhya, Four Heavenly Kings, Parishaha, Pura, Abhisanga.
Relevant text
Search found 10 books and stories containing Akrosha, Ā-krośa, A-krosa, A-krosha, Ākrōśa, Akrosa, Ākrośa, Akrośa; (plurals include: Akroshas, krośas, krosas, kroshas, Ākrōśas, Akrosas, Ākrośas, Akrośas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Tattvartha Sutra (with commentary) (by Vijay K. Jain)
Verse 9.15 - The afflictions caused by the conduct-deluding karmas < [Chapter 9 - Stoppage and Shedding of Karmas]
Verse 9.9 - The twenty-two kinds of afflications (parīṣaha) < [Chapter 9 - Stoppage and Shedding of Karmas]
Mahabharata (English) (by Kisari Mohan Ganguli)
The Buddhist Path to Enlightenment (study) (by Dr Kala Acharya)
The twenty-six Parīṣahas (endurance of hardships) < [Chapter 4 - Comparative Study of Liberation in Jainism and Buddhism]
Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra (by Helen M. Johnson)
Tattva 6: Saṃvara (methods of impeding karma) < [Appendix 1.4: The nine tattvas]
Part 17: Incarnation as Nandana < [Chapter I - Previous births of Mahāvīra]
Part 3: War between the Rākṣasas and Vānaras < [Chapter VII - The killing of Rāvaṇa]
The Brahmanda Purana (by G.V. Tagare)
Chapter 33 - Characteristics of Sages and of Mantras < [Section 2 - Anuṣaṅga-pāda]
Harivamsha Purana (by Manmatha Nath Dutt)
Chapter 11 - An Account of Kalya < [Book 2 - Vishnu Parva]