In Hinduism

Vyakarana (Sanskrit grammar)

Source: Wikisource: A dictionary of Sanskrit grammar

Ābhyantaraprayatna (आभ्यन्तरप्रयत्न).—Internal effort made in producing a sound, as contrasted with the external One called बाह्यप्रयत्न (bāhyaprayatna). There are four kinds of internal efforts described in the Kāsikāvrtti.; cf. चत्वार आभ्य-न्तरप्रयत्नाः सवर्णसंज्ञायामाश्रीयन्ते -स्पृष्टता, ईषत्स्पृष्टता, संवृतता, विवृतता चेति । (catvāra ābhya-ntaraprayatnāḥ savarṇasaṃjñāyāmāśrīyante -spṛṣṭatā, īṣatspṛṣṭatā, saṃvṛtatā, vivṛtatā ceti |) Kās. on P. 1.1.9. See also यत्नो द्विधा । आभ्यन्तरो बाह्यश्च (yatno dvidhā | ābhyantaro bāhyaśca) etc. Si. Kau. on I.1.9.

context information

Vyakarana (व्याकरण, vyākaraṇa) refers to Sanskrit grammar and represents one of the six additional sciences (vedanga) to be studied along with the Vedas. Vyakarana concerns itself with the rules of Sanskrit grammar and linguistic analysis in order to establish the correct context of words and sentences.

Shiksha (linguistics: phonetics, phonology etc.)

Source: Knowledge Traditions & Practices of India: Language and Grammar (shiksha)

Ābhyantara (आभ्यन्तर) refers to the “internal effort” of articulation (uccāraṇa) according to Indian linguistic tradition (viz., śikṣā, ‘phonetics’, vyakaraṇa, ‘grammar’, nirukta, etymology’ and chandas, ‘prosody’.).

Ābhyantaraprayatna is of four types:

1. alpaprāṇa (unaspirated, or slight aspiration),
2. mahāprāṇa (aspirated),
3. śvāsa (unvoiced),
4. nāda (voiced).

context information

Shiksha (शिक्षा, śikṣā) deals with Sanskrit linguistics and represents a branch of vedanga (vedic ancillary science). Shiksha deals with subjects such as phonetics, phonology, study of sound, letters of the Sanskrit alphabet and related topics. Much attention is also given to the study of recitation (patha) of Vedic verses.

Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

ābhyantaraprayatna (आभ्यंतरप्रयत्न).—m S The first of the two great acts or movements of the air in the lungs towards the formation of speech or vocal expression,--that of filling and expanding the throat and air-passages conducively to bāhyaprayatna the second act,--that of the organs of speech in fashioning and conveying it abroad into articulate utterance. ā0 is subdivided into spṛṣṭa, īṣatspṛṣṭa, vivṛta, saṃvṛta, whilst bā0 has eleven subdivisions, viz. vivāra, saṃvāra, śrvāsa, nāda, ghōṣa, aghōṣa, alpaprāṇa, mahāprāṇa, udātta, anu- dātta, svarita.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

ābhyantara-prayatna (आभ्यंतर-प्रयत्न).—m Expanding the throat in order to speak.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Ābhyantaraprayatna (आभ्यन्तरप्रयत्न):—[=ābhyantara-prayatna] [from ābhyantara] m. internal effort (of the mouth in producing articulate utterance) [commentator or commentary] on [Pāṇini 1-1, 9; Siddhānta-kaumudī p.10.]

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

See also (Relevant definitions)

Partial matches: Prayatna, Abhyantara.

Full-text: Vivara, Bahyaprayatna, Prayatna, Bahya, Karana, Anupradana.

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