Various other 22 Buddhas

1. Anupādisesāya nibbāna-dhātuyā parimibbāyi.

Buddha Koṇḍañña

1.47. Subsequent upon the demise, however, of the Glorious Buddha Dīpaṅkara, when a period of innumerable aeons (kappa) had passed, there arose the Master, Koṇḍañña, by name. To Him also there were three assemblies of disciples: a hundred thousand crores in the first assembly; a thousand crores in the second and ninety crores in the third. At that time, the Bodhisat became a universal monarch, Vijitāvī by name, and gave a great charity to a hundred thousand crores of bhikkhu organisation (Sangha) headed by Buddha. The Teacher prophesied to the Bodhisat that he would become Buddha and (later) preached him the Dhamma. The monarch heard the religions discourse of the Teacher and went renunciation as a recluse after abdicating the sovereignty of the kingdom. He acquired the knowledge of the three pitakas, aroused in himself the eight attainments in meditation (samapatti) as well as the five kinds of super-knowledge and never lacking in reaching the higher stages of Jhana, was reborn in the Brahma world. For the Buddha Kondanna, however, the name of the city was Rammavati. His father was a Khattiya king Sunanda; His mother was Queen Sujatā. Bhadda and Subhadda were His two chief disciples. Anuruddha was attendant at His service. Tissā and Upatissā were His two chief female disciples. His tree of en- lightenment, (bodhi), was the good Sal tree (Sālakalyānī). His physique was eight cubits in height. His span of life was a hundred thousand years.

Subsequent upon the demise of Dīpaṅkara, there appeared the Leader Koṇḍañña, Buddha of endless power, incomparable reputation and retinue, the peerless and difficult to defeat (durasadā)

Buddha Maṅgala, Sumana, Revata & Sobhita

1.48. Subsequent upon His demise, on the expiry of a long interval of innumerable aeons, (kappa), there arose four Buddhas: Maṅgala, Sumana, Revata and Sobhita, in a single aeon (kappa) only. Out of three assemblies of the Glorious Buddha Mangala, the first assembly comprised a hundred thousand crores of bhikkhus; in the second a thousand crores; in the third ninety crores. It is said that His brother, born of different mother, the youthful Ānanda, by name, together with an assembly of people numbering ninety crores, went to the presence of the Master to listen to His dhamma. The Master delivered to him a religious discourse in its gradual order (anupubbikatham). Along with the audience, he attained arahatship together with the four kinds of analytical knowledge. The master in looking out for the former practices of these sons of good families, found out their suffi- cing qualification for magically getting their bowls and robes (upanissaya), and stretching out His right hand said: "Come, O Bhikkhus!" All of them, immediately, became suitably attired like unto elderly monks aged sixty years, wearing robes and carrying bowls, paid homage to the Master by bowing and surrounded him. This was His third assembly of disciples.

1.49. Just as, however, round about other Buddhas there were bodily rays radiating to the extent of eighty cubits in extent even, not similarly so of this Buddha. The bodily rays of that glorious Buddha, however, stood at all times pervading the ten thousand world-element. Trees, earth, mountains, oceans etc., even pots in which rice and other food are boiled etc., became consequently as if covered over with gold slabs. His span of life, however, was ninety thousand years. For such a period of His span of life the moon, the sun, etc., were not able to shine out their own rays. Night portion and day period were not apparent. Living-beings went about always by the light of the Buddha only, as if they were going about by day in the light of the sun. The world of living-beings noted the divisions of day and night by means of kusuma flowers that blossom in the evening and the crying (ravanaka) of birds,etc., in the morning.

1.50. A question may be asked: How is it then? Is there no such mighty power of other Buddhas? No. It is not that. They also, indeed, should they so desire, could pervade with their bodily rays either ten thousand world elements or even beyond that. The bodily rays of maṅgala Buddha, on the other hand, because of the influence of His previous prayer, stood pervading the ten thousand world element at all times similar to the fathom-long nimbus of other buddhas. it is said that when He was carrying out the practice of Bodhisats, he, leading his own life, lived in a hilly forest resembling the Vaṅka hill, together with his wife and children, like unto Vessantara. Then, an ogre, sharp-tusker by name, hearing the keen charitable motive of the great personage approached the Great Being in the guise of a brahmin and begged for his two male children. The Great Being became joyful and glad saying 'Brahmin! I give you my sons,' and gave away also his two male children, making the water-bor- dering great universal earth quake. The ogre stood close to the balustrade board at the extremity of the cloister and ate up the male children like a bunch of edible lotuses, while the Great Being was looking on. Even to the extent of a tip of a hair, mental displeasure did not appear to the great personage, in spite of the fact that when he looked at the ogre, the moment the latter opened his mouth, he saw the latter's mouth, carrying and holding blood resembling flames of fire. On the other hand, there arose great zest and mental pleasure, all over his body, as he contemplated saying: 'my charity is, indeed, well given'. The great personage aspired thus:- "As the outcome of this my charity, may rays radiate out of my body in this manner, accordingly in time to come". Consequent upon that aspiration of His, rays radiated from Him when he became Buddha and permeate such an extensive space.

1.51. Another of His previous practice existed also. It is said that when He was a Bodhisat, He saw a shrine of Buddha and saying to Himself: "It behoves me to completely sacrifice my life to this Buddha", he spent the whole night circumambulating the shrine setting His entire body aflame by carrying on His head a gem-crested golden bowl, worth a hundred thousand, which was filled with ghee, where a thousand wicks were lit, after enveloping his entire body in the manner of shading over a lighted stick. The heat, however, did not in any way affect him, to the extent of His pores even, although He energetically carried it out in this way until sun-rise. To Him it resembled the occasion when he had entered the chamber of lotus flowers. Surely, indeed the Dhamma, does look after one who does observe the Dhamma himself.

Therefore, the Glorious Buddha said:

"Dhamma, indeed, looks after the one who practises Dhamma. The well-practised Dhamma brings about happiness. When Dhamma is properly practised this is the benefit: One who practises Dhamma does not go to purgatory".

As a result of this good deed also, the glow of that Glorious Buddha's body stayed steadfastly, pervading the ten thousand world-element (lokadhātu).

1.52. At that time our Bodhisat became a brahmin, named Suruci. Saying to himself: 'I shall invite the Teacher', he approached the Buddha, listened to his melodious religious discourse and said: "Venerable Sir, tomorrow, kindly accept my food as alms". 'O Brahmin! With how many bhikkhus do you want!' responded the Buddha. The Brahmin Replied "Venerable Sir! Any number, however, of bhikkhus who constitute your retinue. At that time, there was the Teacher's first assembly of disciples only. Therefore he replied: 'a hundred thousand crores'. The Brahmin responded: 'Venerable Sir! Together with all of them also please accept my food as alms. The Master consented. The brahmin, on his way home after inviting the Buddha for the next day's meal, reflected thus: "I am capable of offering rice-gruel, cooked rice and curry, clothes, etc., to that large number of bhikkhus; so far as seating space is concerned what will happen?"

1.53. That thought of that brahmin heated the stone-seat, similar to pale-yellow velvet, of the king of devas, which stood on top of the heavenly height of eighty four thousand leagues (yojana). Sakka saying to himself 'who, indeed, is desirous of my leaving this place' looked about with his heavenly eyes and found the great man and made himself apparent in front of him, holding a hatchet and an axe, after having disguised himself as a carpenter, with this idea: "The brahmin named Suruci, having invited the organisation of bhikkhus led by Buddha, thought over seating space for them; It befits me to go there and take a share of merit". The carpenter asked: "Is there, indeed, any piece of work that should be done for anybody on wages?" The great man saw him and put this question to him: "What work will you do?" "To me there is no technical work that could not intelligently done. Whoever wants me to build a house or a pandal I know how to do it for him", replied the carpenter, The great man responded 'Well then, indeed, I have work to be done'. When asked what the work was, the reply was:- 'For the next day meal a hundred thousand crores of bhikkhus were invited by me; you will build a pandal to get them seated.' The carpenter complied: 'If you are able to pay me wages, I would do the work'. When the reply was in the affirmative that he could pay, the carpenter consented to do the work and went and looked about for a suitable site. An area of twelve thirteen yojanas in extent was of even surface, resembling a circular mechanical aid to jhāna exercise (kasiṇa maṇḍala). He looked at the site pondering: "On this area of land let a pandal be made of seven kinds of gems to rise up". There and then the pandal rose up, breaking open the earth. The gold pillars of that pandal had on them silver capitals; silver pillars had gold capitals; on the gem pillars were coral capitals on the coral pillars were mounted ruby capitals and on the pillars of seven gems were mounted capitals made of seven kinds of gems. Thereafter, the pandal-builder looked at the structure with the idea: 'Let there be a netted fringe of tinkling bells hanging down at intervals inside the pandal". Thus, as he looked about, the net of bells came hanging down. It emits sweet sound of five kinds of musical instruments as and when shaken by a tender breeze. It seemed similar to the occasion, when celestial songs were sung together. As and when it was thought: "Let there be chains of sweet-scented garlands of flowers hanging down here and there at intervals", there appeared chains of flower-garlands hanging down. The builder also contemplated: "Let seats and stands for bhikkhus numbering a hundred thousand crores come up breaking open the earth". There and then they all appeared. He planned thus also: "Let there arise water vessels, one each at every corner". According-ly the water vessels did appear.

1.54. When he had finished creating this much, he went to the presence of the brahmin and said: "Come, my lord! Look at your pandal and pay my wages". The great man went and had a look at the pandal. As and when he looked at the pandal, his entire body or physique became permeated permanently with zest of five descriptions. Thereafter, when he had looked at the pandal, this idea occurred to him: "This pandal was not built by a human being. Due to my deep desire and my virtue, surely, the mansion of Sakka must have become hot. Consequently, it must be that this pandal was built by Sakka, King of devas". He contemplated also thus: "In such a pandal as this one, however, it is not befitting for me to offer charity for one day only, I shall give offering for seven days". Offering of external objects, indeed, even if it be so much as is not able to satisfy the Bodhisats. On the other hand, there, namely, is contentment to the Bodhisats as a result of their sacrifice at the time of their giving away his decorated head after cutting it off, or his anointed eyes after removing them, or his fleshy heart after anointing it. Indeed, to our Bodhisat also in the birth-story (Jātaka), of King Sivi, that charity, which consisted in giving away daily five hundred thousand kahāpanas at the four gates as well as in the middle of the city, was not able to bring about his contentment in sacrifice. On the other hand, his joyous laughter arose when he gave away his pair of eyes when asked for by Sakka, King of devas, who came to him in the guise of a brahmin. There was no change of mind even to the extent of the tip of a hair. In this way, there is, namely, no contentment to the Bodhisats as regards the offering given by them. Therefore, that great man, also, gave charity known as bovine beverage (gavapāna) for seven days requesting the Buddha and His disciples to sit down in that pandal, having contemplated thus: "It befits me to give charity for seven days to the bhikkhus numbering a hundred thousand crores". The expression: gavapāna is to be interpreted as a specially cooked eatable prepared with a few grains of rice along with heated honey, powdered sugar and ghee thrown into the milk as it became cooked to solidity in vast vessels filled full with milk and mounted on ovens. However, human- beings, by themselves were not able to hospitably offer it. Together with the divine beings alternately, they catered. The spacious area of twelve thirteen yojanas even was not able to accommodate all the bhikkhus. Those bhikkhus, however, took their seats by means of their own power. On the last and final day, however, he had the begging bowls of all the bhikkhus well washed and filled them for medicinal purpose with ghee, fresh butter, oil, honey and molasses and offered them together with sets of three robes. The robe-garments received by the fresh bhikkhus of the clergy were worth a hundred thousand.

1.55. The Master, expressing thanks, investigated: "This man gave such a great charity as this; who, indeed, will he be?" and found out: "On a distant date, in future, a hundred thousand aeons (Kappa) over and above two sets of innumerable aeons (kappa) hence, he will become Buddha, Gotama, by name." The Master called the great man and prophesied thus: "You will become Buddha, Gotama by name, when a period of so long a time had passed over." When the great man heard the prophecy, he thought thus: "I am told that I shall be Buddha. What is the use of the household life to me, I shall renounce and become a recluse". He abandoned all his aforesaid prosperity like unto a lump of saliva, became a recluse in the presence of the Master, acquired the words of Buddha, attained super-knowledge as we;; to Jhāna and at the end of the span of his life was reborn in the Brahmā world.

1.56. The city of the Glorious Buddha Maṅgala, however, was known as Uttara. His father was Uttara by name, also of the warrior (Khattiya) clan. His mother was by name Queen Uttara also. Sudeva and Dhammasena were His two chief disciples. His serving attendant was Pālita by name. Siavli and Asoka were His chief female disciples. His tree of enlightenment (bodhi) was the Iron-wood, Nāga tree. His body was eighty eight cubits in height. He lived for ninety thousand years. When He passed away into complete nibbāna, the ten thousand world cycles unanimously became a mass of darkness at once. In all the universes, there was weeping and lamentation of human beings.

"Subsequent on Koṇḍañña, the Leader, Maṅgala, by name, dispelled darkness in the world and held aloft the torch of righteousness (dhamma)"

1.57. The Master Sumana, by name, arose in the world subsequent upon the complete passing away into nibbāna of that glorious Buddha after thus darkening the ten thousand world element. His assembly of disciples were also three in number. In the first assembly, there were a hundred thousand crores of bhikkhus. In the second assembly on the golden mountain there were ninety thousand crores. In the third, there were eighty thousand crores. At that time, the Great Being was a king of dragons, (nāgarājā), of high magical potency and great power, Atula by name. That king of dragons heard about the appearance of Buddha, went out of his mansion of dragons surrounded by his company of relatives, offered great charity accompanied by heavenly music, made an offering of a pair of robes each to that glorious Buddha as well as His retinue of a hundred thousand crores of bhikkhus and established himself in the three-gem refuges. That Master also prophesied to him thus: "You will become Buddha in time to come". The city of that glorious Buddha was mekhala by name. His father was King Sudatta by name. His mother was a queen named Sirimā. Sarava and Bhāvitatta were His two chief disciples. Udena was His serving attendant. Soṇā and Upasonā were His two chief lady-disciples. His bodhi tree was the iron-wood tree (nāgarukkha). His body was ninety cubits in height. his span of life was ninety thousand years.

Subsequent upon Maṅgala, there came the Leader Sumana, the most excellent among all living beings, peerless in all righteousness, (dhamma).

1.58. Next to Him, there arose the Master Revata, by name. His assemblies of disciples were also three in number. In the first assembly the number was incalculable. In the second there were a hundred thousand crores of bhikkhus. Similar in num- ber was the third. At that time, the bodhisat became a brahmin, Atideva By name. Having heard the preaching of Dhamma made by the Master, he became established in the Triple-Gem Refuges. Placing his clasped hands on his head, he heard the Buddha praising the abandonment of depravity (kilesa) and honoured Him with his upper garment. That Buddha also prophesied to him that he would become Buddha. The city of that glorious Buddha was known as Sudhaññavatī. His father was Vipula by name, of the warrior clan (khattiya). His mother was known as Vipulā. Varuṇa and Brahmadeva were His two chief disciples. Sambhava was the name of His serving attendent. Bhaddā and Subhaddā were His two chief female disciples. His bodhi was the Iron-wood tree (Nāgarukkha). His span of life was sixty thousand years.

"Next after Sumana was the Leader Revata. The most excellent conqueror was he, incomparable, unequalled and peerless.

1.59. Next after Him, there arose the Master, named Sobhita. His assemblies of disciples were three in number also. In the first assembly, there were a hundred crores. In the second, there were ninety crores. In the third, there were eighty crores. At that time, the Bodhisat became a brahmin named Ajitra. He listened to the Master's religious discourse, got established in the refuges and gave a great charity to the organisation of bhikkhus headed by Buddha. That Buddha also prophesied that he would become Buddha. The city of that glorious Buddha was known as Sudhamma His father was king Sudhamma by name. His mother was named Queen Sudhammā also. Asama and Sunetta were His two chief disciples. Anoma by name was His service-attendant. Nakulā and Sujātā were His two chief female disciples. The iron-wood tree (Nāgarukkha)was His Bodhi. His body was fifty eight cubits in height. His span of life was ninety thousand years.

Next after Revata, there arose the Leader named Sobhita. Tranquil-minded was he, with self- determination. He was peerless with no rival for Him.

Buddhas: Anomadassī, Paduma & Nārada

1.60. Subsequent upon that Buddha, when a long period of innumerable aeons had passed over, there appeared, in a single kappa, three Buddhas: Anomadassī paduma and Nārada. Three assemblies of disciples existed for the glorious Buddha Anomadassī: In the first assembly there were eight hundred thousand bhikkhus. In the second there were seven and in the third six. At that time the Bodhisat became an ogre army- general, who was magically mighty and greatly powerful. He was the supreme chief of innumerable thousands of crores of ogres. That ogre-general heard that Buddha had arisen, came and gave a great charity to the congregation of bhikkhus headed by Buddha. That Buddha also prophesied that he would become Buddha in time to come. The city of the glorious Buddha Anomadassī, was Candavatī by name. The king named Yasavā was His father. The queen named Yasodharā was His mother. Nisabha and Anoma were His two chief disciples. The attendant at His service was Varuṇa by name. Sundarī and Sumanā were His two chief female disciples. The tree Pentaptera Arjuna was His bodhi tree. His body was fifty eight cubits in height. His span of life was a hundred thousand years.

The next omniscient Buddha, the most excellent among men, after Sobhita, was Anomadassī, of immeasurable reputation, powerful and difficult to excel.

1.61. Next after Him, the Master, Paduma, by name, arose. His assemblies of disciples also were three in number. In the first assembly, there were a hundred thousand crores of bhikkhus. In the second there were three hundred thousand In the third, there were two hundred thousand bhikkhus, who did not well in villages but lived as forest-dwellers in very deep forests. At that time the Bodhisat was a lion. His mind became full of faith, when he saw the Master enjoying. His own attainment of completely immortal peace (nirodhasamāpatti) paid homage to Him, circumambulated Him, became full of zest, accompanied by mental delight, roared the roar of a lion thrice, did not abandon for seven days his zest, did not depart for his hunting round, did complete sacrifice of his life and stood attending on the glorious Buddha. The Master, on the expiry of seven days rose from His enjoyment of immortal bliss (nirodha) looked at the lion and bethought Himself: "This one will provoke mentally its faith in the congregation of bhikkhus also and worship the clergy; let the concourse of bhikkhus come over here." Immediately then, all the bhikkhus came. The lion also made his mind become full of faith in the congregation of bhikkhus. The master looked into its mind and prophesied: "It will become Buddha in future." The city of the glorious Buddha Paduma was Campaka by name. The king named Asama was His father. the Queen named Asamā was His mother. Sāla and Upasāla were His chief disciples. His attendant to serve Him was Varuṇa by name. Rāmā and Surāmā were His two chief female disciples. Sona tree was His bodhi tree. His body was fifty eight cubits in height. A hundred thousand years long was the span of His life.

The next omniscient Buddha, the most excellent among men, after Anomadassī was Paduma, by name, the peerless personage with no rival.

1.62. Next after Him the Master named Nārada arose. His assemblies also were three in number. In the first assembly there were a hundred thousand crores of bhikkhus. Ninety thousand crores were in the second and eighty thousand crores in the third. At that time, the Bodhisat renounced the world, became a hermit-recluse, became conversant in the practice of the eight kinds of jhānas and in the five kinds of super- knowledge. he gave a great offering to the congregation of bhikkhus headed by Buddha and honoured them with red sandal- wood. That Master also prophesied to him that he would become Buddha in future. The city of that glorious Buddha was Dhanññvatī by name. His father was of warrior clan (khattiya) sudeva, by name. The queen named Anomā was His mother. Bhaddasāla and Jitamitta were his two chief disciples. His attendant at His service was Vāsetthṭṭha by name. Uttarāand Phaggunī were His two chief female disciples. The great Sona tree was His bodhi. His ninety thousand years.

"The Omniscient Buddha, the most excellent among men, next after Paduma, was Nārada by name, peerless and rival less."

Buddha Padumuttara

1.63. After the demise of Buddha Nārada, on the expiry of a hundred thousand kappas, there arose a single Buddha only Padumuttara, by name in a certain kappa. There were three assemblies of disciples of that Buddha also. In the first assembly, there were a hundred thousand crores of bhikkhus. In the second assembly on the Vebhāra hill, there were ninety thousand crores and in the third, eighty thousand crores. At that time, the Bodhisat became a great citizen of wealth, named Jāṭila, who gave charity including robes to congregation of bhikkhus headed by Buddha. That Master also prophesied to him that he would become Buddha in future. In the days of the glorious Buddha Padumuttara, however, there were, namely, no heretics. All celestial and human beings went to Buddha alone for their refuge. His city was Hamsavatī by name. His father was a king of warrior clan (khattiya) named Ānanda. The Queen, named Sujātā, was His mother. Devala and Sujāta were His two chief disciples. Sumana was the name of the attendant at His service. Amitā and Asamā were His two chief female disciples. Sal tree was His bodhi tree. His body was fifty eight cubits in height. the rays of his body spread all around to the extent of twelve leagues (yojana). His span of life was ten thousand years.

In the wake of Nārada, the omniscient Buddha, the most excellent man, Padumuttara by name, became the Conqueror, similar to the ocean, imperturbable.

1.64. In the wake of his demise, on the expiry of thirty thousand aeons (kappa), there arose, in a single aeon (kappa) two Buddhas: Sumedha and Sujāta. There were three assemblies of disciples for Sumedha also. In the first assembly, there were a hundred crores of arahats, free from cankers (āsava), in the city of Sudassana. In the second, there were ninety crores and in the third, eighty crores. At that time the Bodhisat was a young man, named uttara, who spent his wealth of eighty crores out of his buried treasure in giving great charity to the congregation of monks, headed by Buddha. He then listened to the Dhamma, established himself in the refuges, renounced the world and became a recluse. That Buddha also prophesied that he would become Buddha in future. The city of the glorious Buddha Sumedha was Sudassana, by name. the king named Sudatta was His father. The Queen named Sudattā also was His mother. Saraṇa and Sabbakāma were His two chief disciples. Sāgara was in His service. Rāmā and Surāmā were His two chief female disciples. The tree of Nipa variety (or species of Asoka tree) was his bodhi tree. His Body was eighty eight cubits in height. His span of life was ninety thousand years.

Next to Padumuttara, the Leader was Sumedha. Difficult to attack was the Sage of mighty power, the most excellent among all men.

Buddha Sujata

1.65. In His wake, the Master, named Sujāta, arose. His assemblies of disciples were three in number also. In the first assembly, there were sixty hundred thousand bhikkhus. In the second, there were fifty and in the third forty. At that time the Bodhisat became a universal monarch, who, on hearing that Buddha had arisen, approached Him, listened to the dhamma gave away as charity his sovereignty over the four great islands together with his seven kinds of royal bejewelled regalia to the congregation of monks headed by Buddha and became a recluse in the presence of the Master. All the residents of his kingdom took hold of the products of their country, gave great offerings at all times to the congregation of monks headed by Buddha, performing the duties of the entire monastic establishment. That Master also prophesied to him that he would become Buddha in future. Sumaṅgala was the name of that glorious Buddha's city. The king, named Uggata, was his father. His mother was Pabhāvatī by name. Sudassana and Sudeva were His two chief disciples. Nārada was attendant at His service. Nāgā and Nāgasamālā were His two chief female disciples. The great bamboo tree was His bodhi. It is said that He shone forth like unto a bunch of peacock's tail feathers over a tender apertured solid-trunk of tree with big branches going out therefrom. The body of that glorious Buddha was fifty cubits in height. His span of life was ninety thousand years.

In that self-same Maṇḍakappa, the Leader, named Sujāta was lion-jawed and bull-bodied.

Difficult to defeat was he, who had no equal.

Piyadassī, Atthadassī and Dhammadassī Buddhas

1.66. In the wake of His demise, eighteen hundred aeons(kappa) later, three Buddhas arose in a single aeon (kappa): Piyadassī, Atthadassī and Dhammadassī. There were three assemblies of disciples for the glorious Buddha Piyadassī also. In the first assembly there were a hundred thousand crores of bhikkhus. In the second there were ninety crores and in the third eighty crores At that time, the bodhisat was a young man, named Kassapa, com- pletely conversant in the three Vedas, who listened to the religious discourse of the master, built a monastery for the clergy, completely sacrificing his wealth of a hundred thousand crores and established himself in the refuges and precepts. thereupon, the Master prophesied to him that he would become Buddha on the expiry of eighteen hundred aeons(kappa). The city of that glorious Buddha was Anoma, by name. The king, named Sudinna, was His father. His mother was Candā, by name. Pālita and sabbadassī were His two chief disciples. Sobhita was the name of His attendant at His service. Sujāta and Dhammadinna were his chief female disciples. The Kakudha tree was His bodhi tree. His body was eighty cubits in height. His span of life was ninety thousand years.

In the wake of Sujāta, there arose Piyadassī of great reputation, the leader of the world, who became enlightened by Himself, the peerless unequal, who was difficult to defeat.

1.67. In the wake of His demise, there arose the glorious Buddha, named Atthadassī. There were three assemblies of disciples for Him also. In the first, there were ninety- eight hundred thousand bhikkhus. In the second there were eighty eight hundred thousand and the same number in the third. At that time the Bodhisat became a hermit, named susima, of great magical powers. He brought an umbrella of celestial coral tree-blossoms from the world of devas and offered it to the Master. That Buddha also prophesied that he would become Buddha in future. The city of that glorious Buddha was Sobhana, by name. The king, named Sāgara, was His father. His mother was Sudassanā, by name. Santa and Upasanta were His two chief disciples. Abhaya was the name of His attendant at His service. Dhammā and Sudhammā were His two chief female disciples. champaka tree was His bodhi tree. His body was eighty cubits in height. His bodily rays stood pervading at all times all round Him to the extent of a league (yojana). His span of life was a hundred thousand years.

In that self-same maṇḍa kappa, the Bull among men, Atthadassī, having dispelled the great darkness, attained the most excellent self-enlightenment and became Buddha.

1.68. In His wake, later, the Master, named Dhammadassī arose. There were three assemblies of disciples for Him also. In the first, there were a hundred crores of bhikkhus. In the second, there were ninety crores and in the third, eighty crores. At that time, the Bodhisat was Sakka, king of devas, who made offerings to the Buddha honouring Him with celestial scents and flowers as well as, with celestial music. That Master also prophesied to him that he would become Buddha, in future. The city of that glorious Buddha was Saraṇa, by name, The king, named Saraṇa, was His father. The queen, named Sunandā, was His mother. Paduma and Phussadeva were His two chief disciples. Sunetta was the name of His attendant at His service. Khemā and Subbanāmā were His two chief female disciples. The red-sprouting, Rattaṅkura, tree was His bodhi. It was also called the red amaranth tree (Bimbijāla). His body was eighty cubits in height. A period of a hundred thousand years was His span of life.

"In that self-same maṇḍakappa, Dhammadassī of great reputation, dispelling the blinding darkness, shone forth in the world together with the world of devas."

Buddha Siddhattha

1.69. Subsequent to Him, on the expiry thence of ninety four aeons (kappa), there arose in a single kappa, a solitary omniscient Buddha only, Siddhattha, by name. There were three assemblies of disciples for Him also. In the first assembly, there were a hundred crores of bhikkhus. In the second, there were ninety crores and in the third eighty crores.

At that time, the Bodhisat became a hermit known as Maṅgala, who had potent power and was endowed with strength of super- knowledge. He brought the great Eugenia (jambu) fruit and offered the same to the Tathāgata. The Master enjoyed that fruit and prophesied that the hermit would become Buddha on the expiry of ninety four aeons (kappa). the city of that glorious Buddha was Vebhāra, by name. The king, named Jayasena, was His father. The queen, named Suphassā, was His mother. Sambala and Sumitta were His two chief disciples. His attendant in service was Revata, by name, Sīvaiā and Surāmā were His two chief female disciples. The tree Pterospermum Acerifolium, (Kaṇikāra) was His bodhi. His body was sixty cubits in height. A period of a hundred thousand years was His span of life.

"In the wake of Dhammadassī, there arose the world leader Siddhattha, dispelling all darkness like unto the sun coming out of the clouds."

Buddhas: Tissa and Phussa

1.70. Later, after His demise, on the expiry, thence, of ninety two aeons (kappa), there arose two Buddhas: tissa and Phussa, in a single aeon (kappa). The glorious Buddha Tissa had three assemblies of disciples. In the first assembly of bhikkhus, there were a hundred crores. In the second there were ninety crores and in the third eighty crores. At that time, the Bodhisat became a king of the warrior (khattiya) clan, of great wealth and reputation, known by the name of Sujāta. That king renounced the world and became an ascetic. when he attained the height of great magical powers, he heard of the appearance of Buddha. Bringing with him celestial coral flowers, lotuses and lilies, he offered them to the Buddha, who was then moving about amidst the four categories of assemblies. He made for the Buddha a flow- er ceiling in the sky. That Master also prophesied to him that he would become Buddha on the expiry of ninety two aeons (kappa) thence. The city of that glorious Buddha was known as Khema. The king of the warrior (khattiya) clan, named Janasandha was His father. the queen, named Padumā, was His mother. brahmadeva and Udaya were His two chief disciples. The attendant in His service was Sumana, by name. Phussā and Sudattā were His two chief female disciples. The tree Pentaptera Tomentosa (Asana) was His bodhi tree. His body was sixty cubits in height. A period of a hundred thousand years was His span of life.

"In the wake of Siddhattha, there arose the leader of the world, the peerless Tissa, who had no rival, whose reputation was immeasurable and whose power was endless"

1.71. Next to Him, afterwards, the Master, Phussa, by name, appeared. He also had three assemblies of disciples. In the first assembly, there were sixty hundred thousand bhikkhus In the second, there were fifty and in the third, thirty two. At that time, the Bodhisat was a king of the warrior (khattiya) class, Vijitāvī, by name, who abdicated his great sovereignty, became a monk in the presence of the master, acquired the knowledge of the three piṭaka and performed the preaching of Dhamma to the big body of people. He fulfilled the perfection in precepts also. That Buddha also prophesied to him that he would become Buddha. The city of that glorious Buddha was Kāsi, by name. The king, named Jayasena, was His father. His mother', name was Sirimā. Surakkhita and Dhammasena were His two chief disciples. His attendant in service was Satiya, by name. Cālā and Upacālā were His two chief female disciples. Emblic myrobalan (Āmalaka) tree was His bodhi three. His body was fifty eight cubits in height. A period of ninety thousand years was His life-span.

In that self-same Maṇḍakappa, there arose the unsurpassable Master, Phussa, the leader of the world, who was peerless, with no one as His equal.

Vipassi Buddha

1.72 Subsequent upon His demise, ninety one aeons (kappa) later, there arose the glorious Buddha, Vipassī, by name. There were three assemblies of disciples for Him also. In the first assembly, there were sixty eight hundred thousand bhikkhus. In the second, there were a hundred thousand and in the third, eighty thousand. At that time, the Bodhisat because a king of dragons (nāgarājā), named Atula, who was mighty and of great power. That king offered as charity, to the glorious Buddha, an excellent stool, made of gold and inlaid with seven kinds of gems. That Buddha also, prophesied to him that he would become Buddha ninety one aeons (kappa) thence. The city of that glorious Buddha was Bandhumatī, by name. The king, named Bandhumā, was His father. His mother was named Bandhumatī. His attendant in service was Asoka, by name. Candā and Candamittā were His two chief female disciples. The trumpet flower (Pāṭali) tree was His bodhi tree. His body was eighty cubits in height. His bodily rays stayed always pervading an area of seven leagues (yojana). A period of eighty thousand years was His life-span.

"In the wake of Phussa, the omniscient Buddha Vipassī, by name, who was the most excellent among men and who possessed spiritual insight arose in the world".

Sikhī and Vessabhū Buddhas

1.73. Subsequent to Him, thirty one aeons (kappa) afterwards, there were two Buddhas: Sikhī and Vessabhū. There were three assemblies of disciples for the Buddha Sikhī also. In the first assembly, there were a hundred thousand bhikkhus. In the second, there were eighty thousand and in the third, seventy thousand. At that time, the Bodhisat became king, Arindama, by name, who sponsored a great charity including the offering of robes to the congregation of monks, headed by Buddha. In giving away his royal elephant decorated with seven kinds of gems, he donated also that elephant load of utensils allowable to the bhikkhus. That Buddha also prophesied to him that he would become Buddha at the end of thirty one aeons (kappa) thence. The city of that glorious Buddha, however, was Aruṇavatī, by name. The king of the warrior (khattiya) class, Aruna by name, was His father. His mother was known as Pabhāvatī. Abhibhu and Saṃbhava were His two chief disciples. His attendant in service was Khemaṅkara, by name. Sakhilā and Padumā were His two chief female disciples. The white lotus (Puṇḍarika) tree was His bodhi. His body was seventy cubits in height. His bodily rays stayed pervading an area of three leagues (yojana). A period of seventy thousand years was His life-span.

"In the wake of Vipassī, the omniscient Buddha, the most excellent among men, the Conqueror, called Sikhi, arose. He was peerless and had no rival."

1.74. In the wake of His demise, there arose the M:aster, Vessabhū by name. There were three assemblies of disciples for Him also. In the first assembly, there were eighty thousand bhikkhus. In the second, there were seventy and in the third, sixty. At that time, the Bodhisat was a king, Sudassana, by name, who gave a great charity including robes to the congregation of clergy headed by Buddha. The king became a recluse in His presence and being endowed with the quality of good conduct, became full of considerable zest in abundance in the Buddha-gem. That Buddha also prophesied to him that he would become Buddha, thirty one aeons (kappa) thence. The city of that glorious Buddha was Anoma, by name. The king, named Suppatita, was His father. His mother was Yasavatī, by name. Soṇa and Uttara were his two chief disciples. Upasanta was the name of His attendant in service. Rāmā and Surāmā were His two chief female disciples. The sal tree was His bodhi tree. His body was sixty cubits in height. A period of sixty thousand years was His life-span.

"In that self-same Maṇḍa kappa, there arose in the world, that Conqueror, known by the name of Vessabhū, who was peerless, without a rival."

Buddhas: Kakusandha, Koṇāgamana, Kassapa

1.75. Next to Him, subsequently, there arose, in this aeon (kappa), four Buddhas: Kakusandha, Koṇāgamana, Kassapa and our glorious Buddha Gotama. There was only one assembly of disciples for the glorious Buddha, Kakusandha. In that single assembly there were forty thousand bhikkhus. At that time, the Bodhisat was a king, named Khema, who gave a great charity, comprising begging bowls and robe-garments as well as such medicines as eye-drops etc., to the congregation of bhikkhus, headed by Buddha, listened to the religious discourse, delivered by the Master and became a monk. That Master also prophesied to him that he would become Buddha. The city of the glorious Buddha (79) was Khema, by name. The Brahmin, named Aggidatta was His father. The brahmin lady, named Visākhā, was His mother. Vidhura and Sañjivan were His two chief disciples. His attendant, serving Him was Buddhija, by name. Sāmā and Cammā were His two chief female disciples. The tree Acacia Sirissa was his bodhi tree His body was forty cubits in height. A period of forty thousand years was his lifelength.

In the wake of Vessabhū, there arose the omniscient Buddha, the most excellent among men, known by the name of Kakusandha, who was, incomparable and difficult of defeat.

1.76. Next to Him subsequently, there arose the Master Koṇāgamana. There was only one assembly for Him also. In that single assembly of His, there were thirty thousand bhikkhus. At that time, the Bodhisat was a king named Pabbata, who, surrounded by his multitude of ministers, went to the presence of the Master, listened to the preaching of dhamma, invited the congregation of bhikkhus headed by Buddha, performed a great charity, offered begging bowls, Chinese woollen garments, silk-velvet fine pieces of cloth as well as golden woollen cloth and became a recluse in the presence of the Master. That Buddha also prophesied to him that he would become Buddha. The city of that glorious Buddha was Sobhavatī, by name. The brahmin, named Yyaññadatta was His father. The brahmin lady, named Uttarā, was His mother. Bhiyyasa and Uttara were his two chief disciples. Serving as attendant to Him was Sotthija, by name. Samuddā and Uttarā were His two chief female disciples. The fig (Udumbara) tree was His bodhi. His body was thirty cubits in height. His life-length was thirty thousand years.

In the wake of Kakusandha, the omniscient Buddha, the most excellent among men, the Conqueror Koṇāgamana by name, the eldest in the world, the bull among men, arose.

1.77 Next to Him, afterwards, the Master, named Kassapa arose. There was only one assembly of disciples for Him also. In that assembly, there were twenty thousand bhikkhus. At that time, the Bodhisat was a young man named Jotipāla, who was proficient in the three vedas, well known on the surface of the earth as well as in the sky and was a friend of the potter, Ghaṭikāra. With him, he approached the Master, listened to the religious discourse, became a recluse, of ever-ready effort, acquired the knowledge of the three piṭakas, and made the dispensation of Buddha shine by being efficient in all kinds of duties and responsibilities. That Master also prophesied to him that he would become Buddha. The native city of that glorious Buddha was Benares, by name. The brahmin, named Brahmadatta, was His father. The Brahmin lady, named Dhanavatī, was His mother. Tissa and Bhāradvāja were His two chief disciples His attendant serving Him was Sabbamitta, by name. Anulā and Uruvelā were His two chief female disciples. The Nigrodha banyan tree was His bodhi tree. His body was twenty cubits in height, His length of life was twenty thousand years.

In the wake of Koṇāgamana, the omniscient Buddha, the most excellent among men, named Kassapa by clan, the king of Dhamma, the maker of light, arose.